{
  "kind": "glossary",
  "note": "Glosses are editorial (English authoritative, 中文 careful); manuscript & listing counts are read from the catalogue.",
  "languages": [
    "en",
    "zh",
    "th"
  ],
  "count": 33,
  "entries": [
    {
      "term": "ตะกรุด",
      "roman": "takrut",
      "domain": "amulet",
      "domainLabel": "Amulets",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "A spell inscribed on a thin metal scroll, rolled tight and empowered — worn for protection, invulnerability, or love.",
        "zh": "符管 — 刻於薄金屬並捲緊加持的經文護符，用於護身、刀槍不入或招情。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 7,
      "listings": 115
    },
    {
      "term": "เครื่องราง",
      "roman": "khrueang rang",
      "domain": "amulet",
      "domainLabel": "Amulets",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Talisman or charm, in the broad sense — any empowered object worn or carried for its power.",
        "zh": "護身符（廣義）— 一切經加持、隨身佩帶以求靈力的物件。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 1,
      "listings": 115
    },
    {
      "term": "พระเครื่อง",
      "roman": "phra khrueang",
      "domain": "amulet",
      "domainLabel": "Amulets",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "A Buddhist amulet, usually a small moulded image of a Buddha or revered monk.",
        "zh": "佛牌 — 多為佛陀或高僧的小型模製聖像護符。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 101
    },
    {
      "term": "จตุคาม",
      "roman": "jatukham",
      "domain": "amulet",
      "domainLabel": "Amulets",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Jatukham Ramathep — a guardian-deity amulet cult that swept Thailand in the 2000s.",
        "zh": "加都堪拉瑪贴 — 二〇〇〇年代風靡泰國的護法神護符。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 89
    },
    {
      "term": "พระสมเด็จ",
      "roman": "phra somdet",
      "domain": "amulet",
      "domainLabel": "Amulets",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "The Somdej amulet — among the most revered Thai amulet types, the 'king of amulets.'",
        "zh": "崇迪佛牌 — 最受尊崇的泰國佛牌之一，有『佛牌之王』之稱。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "วัตถุมงคล",
      "roman": "watthu mongkhon",
      "domain": "amulet",
      "domainLabel": "Amulets",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Auspicious sacred objects — the umbrella category for amulets, charms and consecrated items.",
        "zh": "聖物 · 吉祥物 — 佛牌、護符與開光物件的總稱。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 59
    },
    {
      "term": "ราหู",
      "roman": "rahu",
      "domain": "astrology",
      "domainLabel": "Astrology & fate",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "The eclipse-deity — the shadow-planet that swallows sun and moon; propitiated to turn misfortune to fortune.",
        "zh": "羅睺 — 食日月的影曜之神，供奉以轉厄為福。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 91
    },
    {
      "term": "โหราศาสตร์",
      "roman": "horasat · hora",
      "domain": "astrology",
      "domainLabel": "Astrology & fate",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Astrology — the reckoning of time, star and fate; the diviner's science of auspicious days and birth-charts.",
        "zh": "占星術 — 推算時辰、星曜與命運，擇吉日、排命盤之學。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 0
    },
    {
      "term": "เมตตา",
      "roman": "metta",
      "domain": "attraction",
      "domainLabel": "Love & attraction",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Loving-kindness — as a magical quality, the power to draw goodwill and warmth from all who meet you.",
        "zh": "慈心 — 作為法門的特質，能招來眾人的善意與愛戴。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 21,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "เมตตามหานิยม",
      "roman": "metta mahaniyom",
      "domain": "attraction",
      "domainLabel": "Love & attraction",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Loving-kindness + 'great popularity' — charm that makes one widely liked and favoured.",
        "zh": "慈心廣受愛戴 — 使人緣廣結、備受喜愛的法門。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 1,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "สีผึ้งเสน่ห์",
      "roman": "si phueng saneh",
      "domain": "attraction",
      "domainLabel": "Love & attraction",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Enchanted lip-wax — a balm consecrated to lend the wearer allure.",
        "zh": "招情蜂蠟 — 開光的唇蠟，增添佩者魅力。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "เสน่ห์",
      "roman": "saneh",
      "domain": "attraction",
      "domainLabel": "Love & attraction",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Love-drawing allure — charms and rites to kindle desire and attraction.",
        "zh": "魅惑 · 招情 — 引動愛慕與情緣的法術。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 11,
      "listings": 0
    },
    {
      "term": "ท้าวเวสสุวรรณ",
      "roman": "thao wessuwan",
      "domain": "deities",
      "domainLabel": "Deities & guardians",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Vaishravana — guardian king of the north, giant lord of yakṣas, who wards off ghosts and evil.",
        "zh": "多聞天王（毗沙門）— 北方護法天王，夜叉之主，驅鬼辟邪。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "คาถา",
      "roman": "katha",
      "domain": "katha",
      "domainLabel": "Katha — spells & sacred sound",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "A Pali incantation — verses of power, recited to activate a charm, ward danger, or draw fortune.",
        "zh": "咒語 — 巴利語的靈驗偈頌，誦唸以啟動法物、驅邪或招福。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 18,
      "listings": 0
    },
    {
      "term": "นะ",
      "roman": "na",
      "domain": "katha",
      "domainLabel": "Katha — spells & sacred sound",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "The sacred syllable นะ — a seed-letter at the heart of countless katha and yantra; the tradition counts 108 of its forms.",
        "zh": "「那」聖音字 — 眾多咒與符的種子字，傳有一百零八變化。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 0
    },
    {
      "term": "กะลาตาเดียว",
      "roman": "kala ta diao",
      "domain": "material",
      "domainLabel": "Materials & bodies",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "A rare one-eyed coconut shell — a single natural sprout-hole makes it a powerful protective charm.",
        "zh": "獨眼椰殼 — 天然僅一芽孔的稀有椰殼，為強力護符。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 177
    },
    {
      "term": "ปลัดขิก",
      "roman": "palad khik",
      "domain": "material",
      "domainLabel": "Materials & bodies",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "A phallic amulet — carved for protection, virility and warding of harm.",
        "zh": "陽形護符 — 雕製以護身、旺陽、避害。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "เขี้ยวเสือ",
      "roman": "khiao suea",
      "domain": "material",
      "domainLabel": "Materials & bodies",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Tiger fang — worn for authority, command over others and protection.",
        "zh": "虎牙 — 佩以增威權、懾眾、護身。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "พญาเต่าเรือน",
      "roman": "phaya tao ruean",
      "domain": "material",
      "domainLabel": "Materials & bodies",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "The turtle amulet — for longevity and steady, sheltering wealth.",
        "zh": "龜將軍 — 象徵長壽與穩固招財。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "เบี้ยแก้",
      "roman": "bia kae",
      "domain": "material",
      "domainLabel": "Materials & bodies",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "A cowrie-shell remedy charm — the classic guard against black magic and curse.",
        "zh": "解厄寶螺 — 對治邪術與詛咒的傳統寶貝護符。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "ยา",
      "roman": "ya",
      "domain": "medicine",
      "domainLabel": "Medicine",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Medicine — herbal remedy and the medical manuals; healing sits inside wichaa, not apart from it.",
        "zh": "藥 · 草藥 — 醫方與醫書；療癒本屬 wichaa 之內，不與其分。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 29,
      "listings": 0
    },
    {
      "term": "คงกระพัน",
      "roman": "kongkraphan",
      "domain": "power",
      "domainLabel": "Powers of the body",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Invulnerability — the classic martial protection, skin that blades cannot cut.",
        "zh": "刀槍不入 — 經典的護體法門，刀刃不能傷。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 9,
      "listings": 6
    },
    {
      "term": "มีดหมอ",
      "roman": "mit mo",
      "domain": "ritual",
      "domainLabel": "Ritual craft",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "The ritual master's knife — for exorcism, cutting malign influence, and consecrating charms.",
        "zh": "法師刀 — 用於驅邪、斬煞與開光法物。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "น้ำมันมนต์",
      "roman": "nam man mon",
      "domain": "ritual",
      "domainLabel": "Ritual craft",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Enchanted oil — consecrated for love, luck or persuasion, anointed on skin or object.",
        "zh": "法油 · 咒油 — 為招情、招運或說服而開光，塗於身或物。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "ผงพุทธคุณ",
      "roman": "phong phutthakhun",
      "domain": "ritual",
      "domainLabel": "Ritual craft",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Sacred powder of Buddha-virtue — ground from consecrated materials and pressed into amulets.",
        "zh": "佛粉（聖粉）— 由開光材料研磨，壓入佛牌之中。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "ชานหมาก",
      "roman": "chan mak",
      "domain": "ritual",
      "domainLabel": "Ritual craft",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Chewed betel-quid — spat and worked into folk blessing, healing and love magic.",
        "zh": "檳榔渣 — 用於民間祝福、療癒與情術。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "กุมารทอง",
      "roman": "kuman thong",
      "domain": "spirits",
      "domainLabel": "Spirits & effigies",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "The 'golden boy' — a child-spirit effigy kept and fed for luck, wealth and protection.",
        "zh": "金童 — 供養以求財、護佑的靈童造像。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 180
    },
    {
      "term": "นางกวัก",
      "roman": "nang kwak",
      "domain": "spirits",
      "domainLabel": "Spirits & effigies",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "The beckoning lady — her raised hand calls in customers and wealth; the merchant's charm.",
        "zh": "招財女神 — 舉手招客招財，商家的守護。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "ไอ้ไข่",
      "roman": "ai khai",
      "domain": "spirits",
      "domainLabel": "Spirits & effigies",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "Ai Khai — the boy-spirit of Wat Chedi, famed for granting luck and answered wishes.",
        "zh": "艾蓋童子 — 柴迪寺的靈童，以賜運、有求必應聞名。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "หลวงปู่ทวด",
      "roman": "luang pu thuat",
      "domain": "teachers",
      "domainLabel": "Teachers & lineage",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "A revered southern monk (16th–17th c.), whose amulets are believed to protect from harm and misfortune.",
        "zh": "龍菩托祖師 — 受尊崇的南方高僧，其佛牌被信能護身避險。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 82
    },
    {
      "term": "ฤๅษี",
      "roman": "lersi · ruesi",
      "domain": "teachers",
      "domainLabel": "Teachers & lineage",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "The ascetic hermit-seers — the teacher-figures at the root of the tradition, patrons of yantra, katha and healing.",
        "zh": "修行隱士 · 仙人 — 傳統根源的祖師，符、咒與醫術的守護者。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 0,
      "listings": 4
    },
    {
      "term": "ผ้ายันต์",
      "roman": "pha yant",
      "domain": "yantra",
      "domainLabel": "Yantra — sacred diagrams",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "A yantra inked onto cloth — a protective banner or wearing-cloth carrying the diagram.",
        "zh": "符布 — 繪有法陣的護身布或旗。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 1,
      "listings": 80
    },
    {
      "term": "ยันต์",
      "roman": "yan · yantra",
      "domain": "yantra",
      "domainLabel": "Yantra — sacred diagrams",
      "glosses": {
        "en": "A sacred diagram of letters, syllables and lines — drawn, inscribed or tattooed to protect, empower, or attract. The north's core visual magic.",
        "zh": "符 · 護身法陣 — 由聖字、音節與線條構成的幾何圖，用以護身、加持或招引。",
        "th": ""
      },
      "manuscripts": 12,
      "listings": 0
    }
  ]
}