{"type": "subgenre", "value": "buddhist_canonical:Vinaya", "key": "subgenre:buddhist_canonical:Vinaya", "label": "Buddhist Canonical · พระไตรปิฎก › Vinaya", "noun": "sub-genre", "browseCol": "subgenre", "note": "", "priority": false, "profile": {"count": 494, "priority": 0, "provinces": [{"value": "Phrae", "n": 209, "label": "Phrae"}, {"value": "Lampang", "n": 116, "label": "Lampang"}, {"value": "Chiang Mai", "n": 50, "label": "Chiang Mai"}, {"value": "Nan", "n": 41, "label": "Nan"}, {"value": "Phayao", "n": 19, "label": "Phayao"}, {"value": "Mae Hong Son", "n": 19, "label": "Mae Hong Son"}], "temples": [{"value": "Wat Sung Men", "n": 199, "label": "Wat Sung Men"}, {"value": "Wat Lai Hin Luang", "n": 42, "label": "Wat Lai Hin Luang"}, {"value": "Wat Ban Luk", "n": 29, "label": "Wat Ban Luk"}, {"value": "Wat Phra That Lampang Luang", "n": 21, "label": "Wat Phra That Lampang Luang"}, {"value": "Wat Duang Di", "n": 21, "label": "Wat Duang Di"}, {"value": "Wat Mueang Mo", "n": 11, "label": "Wat Mueang Mo"}], "scripts": [{"value": "tham_lanna", "n": 406, "label": "Tham Lanna · อักษรธรรมล้านนา"}, {"value": "tham_lao", "n": 74, "label": "Tham Lao · อักษรธรรมลาว"}, {"value": "burmese", "n": 9, "label": "Burmese · อักษรพม่า"}, {"value": "shan", "n": 3, "label": "Shan · อักษรไทใหญ่"}, {"value": "khom", "n": 2, "label": "Khom · อักษรขอม"}], "languages": [{"value": "Pali and Lan Na", "n": 272, "label": "Pali and Lan Na"}, {"value": "Monolingual Pali", "n": 199, "label": "Monolingual Pali"}, {"value": "Pali and Lao", "n": 9, "label": "Pali and Lao"}, {"value": "Pali and Burmese", "n": 9, "label": "Pali and Burmese"}, {"value": "Pali, Shan and Burmese", "n": 2, "label": "Pali, Shan and Burmese"}, {"value": "Pali and Thai", "n": 1, "label": "Pali and Thai"}], "materials": [{"value": "palm_leaf", "n": 461, "label": "Palm-leaf · ใบลาน"}, {"value": "mulberry_paper", "n": 29, "label": "Mulberry paper (saa) · กระดาษสา"}, {"value": "khoi", "n": 1, "label": "Khoi paper · กระดาษข่อย"}], "date": {"min": 1537, "max": 1973, "dated": 378}, "samples": ["Samanta", "Nangsue kammavācā", "Pali parivāra", "Pali pācittiya", "Nama pali mahāvagga", "Samantapāsādika", "Untitled (Vinai, Thi phra puttha cao vassa)", "Kammawa"]}, "lede": "Buddhist Canonical · พระไตรปิฎก › Vinaya accounts for 494 catalogued manuscripts. It clusters in Phrae (42% of the corpus for this sub-genre), ahead of Lampang and Chiang Mai. Nearly all (82%) are written in Tham Lanna · อักษรธรรมล้านนา script. By support it leans to palm-leaf · ใบลาน (93%) over mulberry paper (saa) · กระดาษสา (6%). Dated witnesses run 1537–1973 CE (378 of 494 carry a date).", "findings": [{"slug": "chronologydeep-roots", "title": "The deepest roots in the collection", "gloss": "The ten earliest-dated manuscripts, reaching back to 1471 CE — the far anchor of the single continuous timeline that runs all the way to today's amulet stalls."}], "authored": {"exists": true, "status": "published", "title": "Buddhist Canonical › Vinaya", "see_also": ["genre:buddhist_canonical", "genre:liturgy_chanting", "genre:grammar_lexicography"], "body_html": "<h2>What this is</h2><p>This is the <strong>discipline basket</strong> — the <em>Vinayapiṭaka</em>, the monastic code: the rules by which the saṅgha governs itself, and the second-largest canonical sub-genre at 494 witnesses. But the striking thing about the Lanna vinaya is that a large part of it is not <em>rules to be read</em> but <strong>liturgy to be performed</strong> — the working ritual of monastic life.</p><h2>Two faces: the code and the rite</h2><p>On the scholastic side sit the classical texts: the <strong>Pācittiya</strong> (the offences requiring expiation), the <strong>Pārivāra</strong> (the appendix-digest), the <strong>Mahāvagga</strong>, and above all the great commentary, the <strong>Samantapāsādika</strong> (<em>Samantapāsādika</em>, <em>Samanta</em>) — the vinaya as a body of law and its exegesis.</p><p>On the <em>performed</em> side sit the <strong>ordination texts</strong>, and these are the living end of the basket: the <strong>kammavācā</strong> (<em>Kammawa</em>, <em>Nangsue kammavācā</em>) — the formal acts of the saṅgha — and the <strong>upasampadā</strong> ordination liturgy (<em>Witthi uppasombot</em>, &quot;the procedure for higher ordination&quot;). These are vinaya <em>as spoken rite</em>: the exact words by which a novice becomes a monk. That is why this sub-genre reaches across into the <a href=\"/a?s=genre:liturgy_chanting\">chanting liturgy</a> — the kammavācā is a recitation before it is a rule.</p><h2>The shape of the collection</h2><p>Physically canonical — <strong>93% palm-leaf</strong> (461 of 494) — and well-dated, 378 witnesses spanning <strong>1537–1973</strong>. Like the <a href=\"/a?s=subgenre:buddhist_canonical:Sutta\">sutta</a> it concentrates at <a href=\"/a?s=temple:Wat Sung Men\">Wat Sung Men</a> (199, ~40%) with Phrae and Lampang behind, the keystone-library effect again. Its language tilt is notably Pali-heavy: <strong>199 monolingual Pali</strong> against 272 Pali-and-Lan Na — the formal legal and liturgical Pali needs no gloss to be recited correctly.</p><h2>Notes</h2><ul><li><strong>The ordination liturgy is the part that matters most to a living tradition.</strong> The kammavācā and <em>uppasombot</em> texts are the operative script of an act still performed today; read them beside the <a href=\"/a?s=genre:liturgy_chanting\">liturgy</a> corpus, where the same recitational logic governs the <em>paritta</em> and <em>thon</em>.</li><li><strong>Separate the code from the rite.</strong> The <em>Pācittiya</em>/<em>Samantapāsādika</em> legal core and the <em>kammavācā</em>/<em>uppasombot</em> performance texts are two different objects under one &quot;Vinaya&quot; label; pulling them apart is the obvious next pass and would move a good share of this sub-genre toward liturgy.</li><li><strong>Not research-priority, but structurally central.</strong> None of the 494 are flagged; its claim is that it holds the constitutional and ceremonial machinery of the saṅgha — the rules that made the copyists themselves.</li></ul>"}, "dbPresent": true, "connections": [{"rel": "related to", "key": "genre:buddhist_canonical", "label": "Buddhist Canonical · พระไตรปิฎก", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "out"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "genre:liturgy_chanting", "label": "Liturgy & Chanting · บทสวด", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "out"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "genre:grammar_lexicography", "label": "Grammar & Lexicography · ไวยากรณ์", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "out"}], "image": {"src": "/imgthumb/d416df750e53f80e8c7e8b3ab700858be95cdb31b267f00460595470ecee6009_480.jpg", "kind": "scan", "mid": 1, "sha": "d416df750e53f80e8c7e8b3ab700858be95cdb31b267f00460595470ecee6009", "starred": false, "caption": ""}}