{"type": "genre", "value": "grammar_lexicography", "key": "genre:grammar_lexicography", "label": "Grammar & Lexicography · ไวยากรณ์", "noun": "genre", "browseCol": "genre", "note": "Grammar, philology and vocabulary (nissaya, saddā).", "priority": false, "profile": {"count": 389, "priority": 0, "provinces": [{"value": "Phrae", "n": 193, "label": "Phrae"}, {"value": "Lampang", "n": 59, "label": "Lampang"}, {"value": "Chiang Mai", "n": 51, "label": "Chiang Mai"}, {"value": "Nan", "n": 30, "label": "Nan"}, {"value": "Phayao", "n": 21, "label": "Phayao"}, {"value": "Lamphun", "n": 5, "label": "Lamphun"}], "temples": [{"value": "Wat Sung Men", "n": 154, "label": "Wat Sung Men"}, {"value": "Wat Mueang Mo", "n": 32, "label": "Wat Mueang Mo"}, {"value": "Wat Lai Hin Luang", "n": 25, "label": "Wat Lai Hin Luang"}, {"value": "Wat Duang Di", "n": 15, "label": "Wat Duang Di"}, {"value": "Wat Phra That Chang Kham Worawihan", "n": 14, "label": "Wat Phra That Chang Kham Worawihan"}, {"value": "Wat Luang Ratchasanthan", "n": 13, "label": "Wat Luang Ratchasanthan"}], "scripts": [{"value": "tham_lanna", "n": 312, "label": "Tham Lanna · อักษรธรรมล้านนา"}, {"value": "tham_lao", "n": 74, "label": "Tham Lao · อักษรธรรมลาว"}, {"value": "shan", "n": 2, "label": "Shan · อักษรไทใหญ่"}, {"value": "thai", "n": 1, "label": "Thai · อักษรไทย"}], "languages": [{"value": "Pali and Lan Na", "n": 229, "label": "Pali and Lan Na"}, {"value": "Monolingual Pali", "n": 146, "label": "Monolingual Pali"}, {"value": "Pali and Lao", "n": 11, "label": "Pali and Lao"}, {"value": "Pali and Thai", "n": 2, "label": "Pali and Thai"}, {"value": "Pali, Shan and Burmese", "n": 1, "label": "Pali, Shan and Burmese"}], "materials": [{"value": "palm_leaf", "n": 376, "label": "Palm-leaf · ใบลาน"}, {"value": "mulberry_paper", "n": 6, "label": "Mulberry paper (saa) · กระดาษสา"}, {"value": "khoi", "n": 3, "label": "Khoi paper · กระดาษข่อย"}], "date": {"min": 1574, "max": 1990, "dated": 267}, "samples": ["Untitled (Saddabhedacintā)", "Ṭīkā saddavutti", "Sap bang sonthi", "Nama sap pali palivan", "Nama sangkaha", "Nama sap tua kalok", "Untitled (Wainyakon pali)", "Pali sūt sondhi"]}, "lede": "Grammar & Lexicography · ไวยากรณ์ accounts for 389 catalogued manuscripts. It clusters in Phrae (50% of the corpus for this genre), ahead of Lampang and Chiang Mai. Nearly all (80%) are written in Tham Lanna · อักษรธรรมล้านนา script. By support it leans to palm-leaf · ใบลาน (97%) over mulberry paper (saa) · กระดาษสา (2%). Dated witnesses run 1574–1990 CE (267 of 389 carry a date).", "findings": [], "authored": {"exists": true, "status": "published", "title": "Grammar & Lexicography", "see_also": ["genre:buddhist_canonical", "genre:magic_ritual"], "body_html": "<h2>What this is</h2><p>This is the <strong>infrastructure of literacy</strong>: the grammatical and lexical apparatus by which the north learned to read Pali and to write its own Tham script. The catalogue files all 389 witnesses under a single clean label, <em>Philology</em>, and the titles resolve into three tight families.</p><p>First, the <strong>saddā / vyākaraṇa</strong> tradition — Pali grammar proper, the Kaccāyana school inherited from Pagan: <em>Saddabhedacintā</em>, the <em>Saddavutti</em> and its <em>ṭīkā</em>, the treatises on <em>sandhi</em> (euphonic combination — <em>Pali sūt sondhi</em>, <em>Sap santhi</em>), and the <em>Vuttodaya</em>, the classic manual of Pali prosody, here both bare and as a <em>nissaya</em> (<em>Nisai wuttotanya</em>). Second, the <strong>lexicography</strong> — the <em>sap</em> (from Sanskrit <em>śabda</em>): Pali-and-vernacular word-lists and glossaries, <em>Nama sangkaha</em>, <em>Nama sap pali palivan</em>, the collected vocabularies a student needed at his elbow. Third, and most immediately useful to a modern reader, the <strong>vernacular primers</strong>: manuals like <em>Tamra rian akson Lanna</em>, &quot;a treatise for learning the Lanna letters&quot; — the schoolbook by which the script itself was taught.</p><p>So this is the <strong>meta-genre</strong>. Every other corpus in the collection — canonical, chronicle, <em>wichaa</em> — stands on this one, because none of it is legible without the grammar and the glossary that made Pali construable in the north. It matters to the esoteric material in a specific way: the <em>saddā</em> sciences are also what let a ritualist parse and compose the Pali <em>katha</em> (spell-formulae) at the heart of <a href=\"/a?s=genre:magic_ritual\">Magic &amp; Ritual</a> — grammar is the key that turns a line of Pali into a working spoken formula.</p><h2>The shape of the collection</h2><p>This is the most technically &quot;canonical&quot; genre in the collection by its physical and linguistic profile. It is <strong>97% palm-leaf</strong> — the highest of any genre, a pure scholastic support — and it carries the <strong>highest share of monolingual Pali</strong> anywhere in the collection (38%, against 59% Pali-and-Lan Na): a grammar of Pali is very often written <em>in</em> Pali. The dated witnesses cluster hard in the <strong>19th century</strong> (202 of 267), tailing back to the 16th.</p><p>Geographically it repeats the canonical pattern — Phrae 50%, and Wat Sung Men alone supplying 40% of the genre — which is a fact about one library, not one region (see below).</p><h2>Notes</h2><ul><li><strong>A library artifact, sharpened.</strong> <strong>Wat Sung Men</strong> in Phrae holds 154 of these 389 witnesses — <strong>40% of the genre from one temple</strong>. A great teaching monastery&#x27;s library will inevitably over-represent the teaching corpus; read the province and temple counts here as <em>where the grammars were kept and copied</em>, not where grammar was uniquely studied.</li><li><strong>One label, three uses.</strong> &quot;Philology&quot; collapses (a) the <em>saddā / vyākaraṇa</em> grammars, (b) the <em>sap</em> lexicons and glossaries, and (c) the vernacular <strong>script-primers</strong>. The primers especially deserve pulling out: they are few, but they are the pedagogical key, and directly relevant to anyone — human or OCR — learning to read this collection today.</li><li><strong>A Tham Lao seam.</strong> Nearly a fifth of the witnesses (74, 19%) are in <strong>Tham Lao</strong> rather than Tham Lanna — a markedly higher cross-border share than the canonical genres, and a pointer to how the Pali grammatical curriculum travelled across the Lao–Lanna world.</li><li><strong>Directly useful now.</strong> Because this genre <em>is</em> the reading apparatus, its glossaries and primers are the natural companions to the image-download and OCR phases — the collection&#x27;s own built-in dictionary.</li><li><strong>Copying range.</strong> The dated witnesses run from the late 16th to the late 20th century, clustering hard in the 19th — the age when the northern teaching monasteries were copying their curriculum most intensively.</li></ul>"}, "dbPresent": true, "connections": [{"rel": "related to", "key": "genre:buddhist_canonical", "label": "Buddhist Canonical · พระไตรปิฎก", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "out"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "genre:magic_ritual", "label": "Magic & Ritual · ไสยศาสตร์", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "out"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "subgenre:buddhist_canonical:Abhidhamma", "label": "Buddhist Canonical · พระไตรปิฎก › Abhidhamma", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "in"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "subgenre:buddhist_canonical:Sutta", "label": "Buddhist Canonical · พระไตรปิฎก › Sutta", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "in"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "subgenre:buddhist_canonical:Vinaya", "label": "Buddhist Canonical · พระไตรปิฎก › Vinaya", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "in"}], "image": {"src": "/imgthumb/c68cf3b976e793993e2e610b564e54294d47b9c59d56c28a3191f0d83c377555_480.jpg", "kind": "scan", "mid": 17, "sha": "c68cf3b976e793993e2e610b564e54294d47b9c59d56c28a3191f0d83c377555", "starred": false, "caption": ""}}