{"type": "genre", "value": "didactic_moral", "key": "genre:didactic_moral", "label": "Didactic & Moral · คำสอน", "noun": "genre", "browseCol": "genre", "note": "Moral instruction, proverbs and conduct (subhāsit).", "priority": false, "profile": {"count": 175, "priority": 0, "provinces": [{"value": "Phrae", "n": 25, "label": "Phrae"}, {"value": "Chiang Rai", "n": 25, "label": "Chiang Rai"}, {"value": "Phayao", "n": 24, "label": "Phayao"}, {"value": "Lampang", "n": 23, "label": "Lampang"}, {"value": "Chiang Mai", "n": 18, "label": "Chiang Mai"}, {"value": "Lamphun", "n": 17, "label": "Lamphun"}], "temples": [{"value": "Wat Sung Men", "n": 16, "label": "Wat Sung Men"}, {"value": "Wat Si Khom Kham", "n": 15, "label": "Wat Si Khom Kham"}, {"value": "Wat Lai Hin Luang", "n": 9, "label": "Wat Lai Hin Luang"}, {"value": "Wat Chiang Man", "n": 7, "label": "Wat Chiang Man"}, {"value": "Wat Phra Luang", "n": 6, "label": "Wat Phra Luang"}, {"value": "Wat San Rim Ping", "n": 5, "label": "Wat San Rim Ping"}], "scripts": [{"value": "tham_lanna", "n": 164, "label": "Tham Lanna · อักษรธรรมล้านนา"}, {"value": "shan", "n": 9, "label": "Shan · อักษรไทใหญ่"}, {"value": "tham_lao", "n": 1, "label": "Tham Lao · อักษรธรรมลาว"}], "languages": [{"value": "Pali and Lan Na", "n": 164, "label": "Pali and Lan Na"}, {"value": "Pali, Shan and Burmese", "n": 7, "label": "Pali, Shan and Burmese"}, {"value": "Pali and Shan", "n": 1, "label": "Pali and Shan"}, {"value": "Pali and Lao", "n": 1, "label": "Pali and Lao"}, {"value": "Monolingual Shan", "n": 1, "label": "Monolingual Shan"}, {"value": "Monolingual Pali", "n": 1, "label": "Monolingual Pali"}], "materials": [{"value": "palm_leaf", "n": 154, "label": "Palm-leaf · ใบลาน"}, {"value": "mulberry_paper", "n": 16, "label": "Mulberry paper (saa) · กระดาษสา"}, {"value": "khoi", "n": 1, "label": "Khoi paper · กระดาษข่อย"}], "date": {"min": 1742, "max": 1974, "dated": 81}, "samples": ["Tunglapha owata", "Tunglapha owata", "Untitled (Kho patipat khong phraya sip phakan)", "Owata tipani", "Lokaniti", "Kwam san", "Kihicaritta", "Lokaniti"]}, "lede": "Didactic & Moral · คำสอน accounts for 175 catalogued manuscripts. It clusters in Phrae (14% of the corpus for this genre), ahead of Chiang Rai and Phayao. Nearly all (94%) are written in Tham Lanna · อักษรธรรมล้านนา script. By support it leans to palm-leaf · ใบลาน (88%) over mulberry paper (saa) · กระดาษสา (9%). Dated witnesses run 1742–1974 CE (81 of 175 carry a date).", "findings": [], "authored": {"exists": true, "status": "published", "title": "Didactic & Moral", "see_also": ["genre:law_customary", "genre:poetry_literary"], "body_html": "<h2>What this is</h2><p>This is the <strong>wisdom-and-conduct</strong> literature: how to live well, told as maxim, admonition and proverb. The catalogue files all 175 witnesses cleanly as <em>Didactics</em>, and the titles fall into two clear registers.</p><p>On the learned side sit the Pali <strong>nīti</strong> classics — above all the <strong>Lokanīti</strong>, which appears here several times over: the great anthology of moral maxims that travelled from Indian <em>nīti</em> through Burma into the north, the standard gnomic reader of the region. Around it cluster the <strong>ovāda</strong> literature (<em>owāda</em>, admonition — <em>Owata tipani</em>, <em>Owatanusasini katha</em>) and the <strong>subhāsit</strong> (<em>subhāsita</em>, &quot;well-spoken&quot; sayings — the proverb collections).</p><p>On the vernacular side sits something warmer and more domestic: the folk-didactic of elders instructing the young. <em>Pu thao son lan</em> — &quot;grandfather teaches grandchild&quot; — <em>Manglai son luk</em> (&quot;Mangrai teaches his children&quot;), <em>kham son</em> teaching-verses, and the sayings of <strong>Phaya In</strong> (Indra) as folk wisdom-figure. Alongside them run texts on householder conduct (<em>gihi-cariyā</em>, <em>Kihicaritta</em>) — worldly ethics for the layperson, not the monk.</p><p>For the wider collection this is the <strong>ethical layer</strong>: adjacent to the canon but not soteriological, adjacent to the <em>wichaa</em> but not efficacious. It is where the tradition records its values rather than its doctrine or its power — the voice of the teacher and the elder rather than the scribe of scripture.</p><h2>The shape of the collection</h2><p>The physical profile is ordinary for a learned genre — <strong>88% palm-leaf</strong>, <strong>94% Tham Lanna</strong>, overwhelmingly Pali-and-Lan Na — and it skews <strong>late</strong>, the 20th century (46 dated witnesses) edging out the 19th, consistent with a living folk-wisdom still being copied within living memory.</p><p>But its <em>geography</em> is extraordinary, and is the real finding here — see the first note.</p><h2>Notes</h2><ul><li><strong>The flattest geography in the collection.</strong> No library dominates this genre: Phrae, Chiang Rai, Phayao and Lampang each hold about a seventh, Chiang Rai stands unusually high, and Wat Sung Men — which supplies 40–43% of the canonical and grammar corpora — holds barely 9% here. That evenness is not an accident of survival: proverbs and elders&#x27; teachings were <strong>popular and domestic</strong>, not a monastery monopoly, so they survive scattered across every muang rather than concentrated in one great library. This is one of the few genres whose provenance counts are a genuinely even regional sample.</li><li><strong>One label, two registers.</strong> The Pali <em>nīti</em> / <em>subhāsit</em> classics and the vernacular <em>pu thao son lan</em> folk-didactic are quite different objects — learned gnomic anthology vs. domestic teaching-verse — collapsed under one heading. Splitting them is the obvious next pass, and would separate a translated Indian tradition from a native Tai one.</li><li><strong>Boundary blur with law and astrology.</strong> Several volumes bind didactics to <em>kotmai boran</em> (old customary law) or to <em>Holasat</em> (astrology) — the household-manual pattern again, where conduct, law and the calendar share a single book. Check the raw metadata and cross-reference <a href=\"/a?s=genre:law_customary\">customary law</a> when a title names both.</li><li><strong>Skews late.</strong> The dated witnesses run from the 18th to the 20th century, weighted toward the most recent — folk wisdom kept being copied within living memory, the mark of a genre that stayed in domestic use rather than freezing into a fixed canon.</li></ul>"}, "dbPresent": true, "connections": [{"rel": "related to", "key": "genre:law_customary", "label": "Customary Law · กฎหมายจารีต", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "out"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "genre:poetry_literary", "label": "Poetry & Literature · วรรณกรรม", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "out"}], "image": {"src": "/imgthumb/b0379876a755cc0257be8c3dc7d0281e5a4f93dbed4ed7fd453d3618e7499a19_480.jpg", "kind": "scan", "mid": 81, "sha": "b0379876a755cc0257be8c3dc7d0281e5a4f93dbed4ed7fd453d3618e7499a19", "starred": false, "caption": ""}}