{"type": "genre", "value": "buddhist_canonical", "key": "genre:buddhist_canonical", "label": "Buddhist Canonical · พระไตรปิฎก", "noun": "genre", "browseCol": "genre", "note": "Tipiṭaka texts — Sutta, Vinaya, Abhidhamma and commentary.", "priority": false, "profile": {"count": 2350, "priority": 0, "provinces": [{"value": "Phrae", "n": 1064, "label": "Phrae"}, {"value": "Lampang", "n": 424, "label": "Lampang"}, {"value": "Chiang Mai", "n": 218, "label": "Chiang Mai"}, {"value": "Nan", "n": 206, "label": "Nan"}, {"value": "Phayao", "n": 124, "label": "Phayao"}, {"value": "Mae Hong Son", "n": 101, "label": "Mae Hong Son"}], "temples": [{"value": "Wat Sung Men", "n": 1014, "label": "Wat Sung Men"}, {"value": "Wat Lai Hin Luang", "n": 163, "label": "Wat Lai Hin Luang"}, {"value": "Wat Ban Luk", "n": 112, "label": "Wat Ban Luk"}, {"value": "Wat Duang Di", "n": 59, "label": "Wat Duang Di"}, {"value": "Wat Phra That Lampang Luang", "n": 54, "label": "Wat Phra That Lampang Luang"}, {"value": "Wat Na Pang", "n": 52, "label": "Wat Na Pang"}], "scripts": [{"value": "tham_lanna", "n": 2000, "label": "Tham Lanna · อักษรธรรมล้านนา"}, {"value": "tham_lao", "n": 261, "label": "Tham Lao · อักษรธรรมลาว"}, {"value": "shan", "n": 71, "label": "Shan · อักษรไทใหญ่"}, {"value": "burmese", "n": 11, "label": "Burmese · อักษรพม่า"}, {"value": "thai", "n": 3, "label": "Thai · อักษรไทย"}, {"value": "khom", "n": 2, "label": "Khom · อักษรขอม"}], "languages": [{"value": "Pali and Lan Na", "n": 1567, "label": "Pali and Lan Na"}, {"value": "Monolingual Pali", "n": 611, "label": "Monolingual Pali"}, {"value": "Pali and Lao", "n": 85, "label": "Pali and Lao"}, {"value": "Pali and Shan", "n": 46, "label": "Pali and Shan"}, {"value": "Pali, Shan and Burmese", "n": 23, "label": "Pali, Shan and Burmese"}, {"value": "Pali and Burmese", "n": 10, "label": "Pali and Burmese"}], "materials": [{"value": "palm_leaf", "n": 2192, "label": "Palm-leaf · ใบลาน"}, {"value": "mulberry_paper", "n": 142, "label": "Mulberry paper (saa) · กระดาษสา"}, {"value": "khoi", "n": 5, "label": "Khoi paper · กระดาษข่อย"}], "date": {"min": 1495, "max": 1985, "dated": 1739}, "samples": ["Samanta", "Nisai athasalini", "Nangsue kammavācā", "Untitled (Mulapannasa)", "Nitsai katha thammapata", "Untitled (Atanatiya sut)", "Pali sagāthavagga saṃyuttanikāya", "Calinyapitaka"]}, "lede": "Buddhist Canonical · พระไตรปิฎก accounts for 2,350 catalogued manuscripts. It clusters in Phrae (45% of the corpus for this genre), ahead of Lampang and Chiang Mai. Nearly all (85%) are written in Tham Lanna · อักษรธรรมล้านนา script. By support it leans to palm-leaf · ใบลาน (93%) over mulberry paper (saa) · กระดาษสา (6%). Dated witnesses run 1495–1985 CE (1739 of 2,350 carry a date).", "findings": [{"slug": "chronologydeep-roots", "title": "The deepest roots in the collection", "gloss": "The ten earliest-dated manuscripts, reaching back to 1471 CE — the far anchor of the single continuous timeline that runs all the way to today's amulet stalls."}], "authored": {"exists": true, "status": "published", "title": "Buddhist Canonical", "see_also": ["genre:jataka", "genre:liturgy_chanting"], "body_html": "<h2>What this is</h2><p>This is the <strong>Tipiṭaka</strong> and its scholastic apparatus: the three baskets of the Pali canon and the commentarial machinery a monastery needs to teach them. The catalogue&#x27;s raw labels lay the shape out plainly — <strong>Sutta</strong> (973 witnesses, the discourses), <strong>Vinaya</strong> (494, monastic discipline), <strong>Abhidhamma</strong> (273, the systematic philosophy), alongside a broad <em>General Buddhism</em> bucket (363) and <strong>Anisong</strong> (234), the <em>ānisaṃsa</em> sermons on the merit that accrues from specific pious acts. The titles are the backbone of Theravāda scholarship: <em>Samantapāsādika</em> (the great Vinaya commentary), <em>mūlapaṇṇāsa majjhimanikāya</em>, <em>parivāra</em>, <em>pācittiya</em>, <em>Cakkavāḷadīpanī</em>.</p><p>At 2,350 witnesses this is the <strong>largest single genre</strong> in the collection — the devotional and scholastic substrate on which everything else, including the <em>wichaa</em> material, was copied. It is not itself research-priority, but it is the sea the priority genres swim in.</p><h2>A note on nissaya — why &quot;canonical&quot; understates it</h2><p>Many of these witnesses are not bare Pali scripture. Titles beginning <em>Nisai / Nissaya</em> (<em>Nisai athasalini</em>, <em>Nitsai katha thammapata</em>) are <strong>nissaya</strong> manuscripts: the Pali text carried line-by-line with an interlinear gloss in Lan Na vernacular. The nissaya is the characteristic form of Lanna Buddhist learning — it is where the intellectual labour of the northern monasteries actually shows, the canon rendered <em>and construed</em> for teaching. To file these simply as &quot;canonical&quot; undercounts how much of this genre is local scholarship rather than transmitted scripture.</p><h2>The shape of the collection</h2><p>Overwhelmingly <strong>Tham Lanna</strong> (85%) on <strong>palm-leaf</strong> (93%) — the canonical support in its purest form, a bound stack copied for permanence rather than daily reference. The dated witnesses run from the late 15th to the late 20th century (1495–1985), peaking hard in the <strong>19th century</strong>, the great age of Lanna monastic copying.</p><p>The provincial picture reads as Phrae-dominant (45%), but that number belongs to one library, not one region — see the note below.</p><h2>Notes</h2><ul><li><strong>One collection drives the whole distribution.</strong> <strong>Wat Sung Men</strong> in Phrae accounts for 1,014 of these 2,350 witnesses — <strong>43% of the entire genre from a single temple</strong>. Phrae&#x27;s apparent dominance is really the survival and cataloguing of one extraordinary repository. Treat the province and temple counts here as a map of <em>where a great library was preserved</em>, not where canon was produced or used.</li><li><strong>&quot;Canonical&quot; is a coarse bucket.</strong> The three piṭaka, the commentaries, the <em>ānisaṃsa</em> merit-sermons and a large <em>General Buddhism</em> remainder all sit together. The most useful split would separate transmitted canon from <strong>nissaya</strong> (bilingual teaching copies) and from the para-canonical <em>anisong</em> — three quite different kinds of object under one heading.</li><li><strong>Read alongside the birth-stories.</strong> The <em>Khuddaka-nikāya</em> jātaka were pulled out into their own <a href=\"/a?s=genre:jataka\">Jātaka</a> genre, so this heading is the canon <em>minus</em> its most-copied narrative layer; the two are one corpus split by the taxonomy.</li></ul>"}, "dbPresent": true, "connections": [{"rel": "includes", "key": "entity:mahasamai", "label": "Mahāsamaya Sutta", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "in"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "genre:jataka", "label": "Jātaka · ชาดก", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "out"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "genre:liturgy_chanting", "label": "Liturgy & Chanting · บทสวด", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "out"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "genre:grammar_lexicography", "label": "Grammar & Lexicography · ไวยากรณ์", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "in"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "genre:tamnan_chronicle", "label": "Chronicle (Tamnan) · ตำนาน", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "in"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "entity:katha", "label": "Katha (Pali spell-formulae)", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "in"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "entity:naga", "label": "Naga (sacred serpent)", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "in"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "entity:thammasat", "label": "Thammasat (dhammasattha)", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "in"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "subgenre:buddhist_canonical:Abhidhamma", "label": "Buddhist Canonical · พระไตรปิฎก › Abhidhamma", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "in"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "subgenre:buddhist_canonical:Sutta", "label": "Buddhist Canonical · พระไตรปิฎก › Sutta", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "in"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "subgenre:buddhist_canonical:Vinaya", "label": "Buddhist Canonical · พระไตรปิฎก › Vinaya", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "in"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "subgenre:tamnan_chronicle:Buddhist Chronicle", "label": "Chronicle (Tamnan) · ตำนาน › Buddhist Chronicle", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "in"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "subgenre:tamnan_chronicle:Tamnan", "label": "Chronicle (Tamnan) · ตำนาน › Tamnan", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "in"}], "image": {"src": "/imgthumb/d416df750e53f80e8c7e8b3ab700858be95cdb31b267f00460595470ecee6009_480.jpg", "kind": "scan", "mid": 1, "sha": "d416df750e53f80e8c7e8b3ab700858be95cdb31b267f00460595470ecee6009", "starred": false, "caption": ""}}