{"type": "entity", "value": "naga", "key": "entity:naga", "label": "Naga (sacred serpent)", "noun": "subject", "browseCol": "", "note": "", "priority": false, "profile": {"count": 8, "priority": 0, "provinces": [{"value": "Mae Hong Son", "n": 3, "label": "Mae Hong Son"}, {"value": "Lamphun", "n": 1, "label": "Lamphun"}, {"value": "Lampang", "n": 1, "label": "Lampang"}], "temples": [{"value": "Wat Kittiwong", "n": 3, "label": "Wat Kittiwong"}, {"value": "Wat Phra That Lampang Luang", "n": 1, "label": "Wat Phra That Lampang Luang"}, {"value": "Wat Ban Caem", "n": 1, "label": "Wat Ban Caem"}], "scripts": [{"value": "tham_lanna", "n": 8, "label": "Tham Lanna · อักษรธรรมล้านนา"}], "languages": [{"value": "Pali and Lan Na", "n": 8, "label": "Pali and Lan Na"}], "materials": [{"value": "palm_leaf", "n": 7, "label": "Palm-leaf · ใบลาน"}], "date": {"min": 1713, "max": 1974, "dated": 8}, "samples": ["Untitled (Mahanak watthu)", "Mahanak watthu", "Mahanak watthu", "Punnanak kumman", "Punnanak kumman", "Supunnanak", "Supunnanak", "Nakawimana sut pathainya sut"]}, "lede": "Naga (sacred serpent) accounts for 8 catalogued manuscripts. It clusters in Mae Hong Son (38% of the corpus for this subject), ahead of Lamphun and Lampang. Nearly all (100%) are written in Tham Lanna · อักษรธรรมล้านนา script. Dated witnesses run 1713–1974 CE (8 of 8 carry a date).", "findings": [], "authored": {"exists": true, "status": "published", "title": "Naga (sacred serpent)", "see_also": ["genre:jataka", "genre:magic_ritual", "entity:yantra", "genre:buddhist_canonical"], "body_html": "<h2>What this is</h2><p>The <strong>naga</strong> (นาค; Pali <em>nāga</em>) is the great <strong>water-serpent</strong> of Southeast Asian cosmology — guardian of rivers, rain and the underworld treasure, and, in the Buddhist frame, a devout half-divine being who shelters the meditating Buddha under its hood. In the Lanna world the naga is everywhere at once: carved along temple stair-rails, coiled in the founding-myths of cities, invoked in rain-making and protective magic, and — as the catalogue shows — narrated at length in the birth-story literature.</p><h2>What the catalogue holds</h2><p><strong>Eight witnesses carry a naga name in their title</strong> — every one of them a <strong><a href=\"/a?s=genre:jataka\">jātaka</a> / <em>watthu</em> narrative</strong> (the <em>Mahānāga</em>-type and <em>Bhūridatta</em>-type serpent-king tales), not a ritual or cosmological treatise.</p><p><em>Inference —</em> this is a sharp and telling shape. The naga the catalogue attests so far is the <strong>naga of story</strong> — the serpent-king as a moral character in a birth-tale — and <em>not</em> the naga of <strong>wichaa</strong>: the serpent invoked in a rain rite, drawn into a <a href=\"/a?s=entity:yantra\">yantra</a>, or laid out as the <em>naga-under-the-earth</em> whose direction a house-builder or grave-digger must consult. Those functional nagas almost certainly sit <strong>inside</strong> manuscripts that are titled for their genre (a ritual manual, an almanac) rather than for the serpent — so a title search undercounts the naga badly. Reading `raw_metadata` and page-content, not just title lines, is how the rest would surface.</p><h2>Beyond the catalogue — the many bodies of the serpent</h2><p><em>Tradition —</em> the following is background from the wider Thai–Lanna tradition, <strong>not</strong> drawn from these eight manuscripts; treat specifics as orienting, not authoritative.</p><ul><li><strong>The naga who guards the Dharma.</strong> In the canonical scene, the serpent-king <strong>Mucalinda</strong> raises his coils and hood to shield the newly-awakened Buddha from a storm — the naga as the model convert, wild power bent to protection. This is the register the catalogue&#x27;s jātaka witnesses belong to.</li><li><strong>The rain-bringer.</strong> Across the region the naga governs water and fertility; the number of nagas &quot;giving rain&quot; in a year is a standard almanac reckoning, and naga-processions and rocket rites petition them for the monsoon. This is the naga as <em>technology of weather</em> — the seam where cosmology becomes <a href=\"/a?s=genre:magic_ritual\">ritual</a>.</li><li><strong>The naga beneath the ground.</strong> A widely-used geomantic figure places a sleeping naga circling the earth through the year; its head-and-tail orientation dictates auspicious directions for building, digging and burial. Here the serpent is a working diagram, not a character.</li><li><strong>The naga in the line.</strong> Serpent forms are among the commonest motifs in protective <a href=\"/a?s=entity:yantra\">yantra</a> and on temple architecture (the balustrade <em>naga</em> swallowing the stair). The image is itself a charm.</li></ul><h2>Notes</h2><ul><li><strong>A title-count that under-reads the subject.</strong> The hard catalogue fact is <em>n = 8, all narrative</em>. Everything about the ritual and cosmological naga above is clearly-marked tradition — and a flag that the functional naga is present in the corpus but <strong>invisible to a title search</strong>. A content-level pass is the way to recover it.</li><li><strong>Where the rest lives.</strong> <em>Inference —</em> look for the working naga inside almanac and rite manuscripts (<a href=\"/a?s=genre:astrology\">astrology</a>, <a href=\"/a?s=genre:magic_ritual\">magic &amp; ritual</a>) and inside city-founding <a href=\"/a?s=genre:tamnan_chronicle\">chronicles</a>, where a naga typically marks the river or the site of a new capital.</li></ul>"}, "dbPresent": true, "connections": [{"rel": "depicted in", "key": "genre:jataka", "label": "Jātaka · ชาดก", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "out"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "entity:yantra", "label": "Yantra / Yan (nyan)", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "out"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "genre:magic_ritual", "label": "Magic & Ritual · ไสยศาสตร์", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "out"}, {"rel": "related to", "key": "genre:buddhist_canonical", "label": "Buddhist Canonical · พระไตรปิฎก", "authored": true, "weight": null, "dir": "out"}], "image": null}