{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "wua-thanu",
 "level": "kind",
 "parent": null,
 "names": {
  "th": "วัวธนู",
  "roman": "wua thanu",
  "en": "Wua thanu (guardian bull)",
  "aliases": {
   "th": [
    "ควายธนู",
    "วัธนู"
   ],
   "roman": [
    "wua tanu",
    "khwai thanu",
    "kwai tanoo"
   ],
   "en": [
    "bow-bull",
    "buffalo talisman",
    "guardian buffalo"
   ]
  }
 },
 "region": [
  "th-central",
  "th"
 ],
 "axes": {
  "class": "hun_phayon",
  "functions": [
   "khum_khrong",
   "kan_phi"
  ],
  "materials": [
   "nuea_din"
  ],
  "figures": [
   "animal"
  ]
 },
 "form": {
  "type": "figure",
  "shape_th": "รูปวัวหรือควาย สานจากตอกไม้ไผ่ที่ขึ้นคร่อมทาง หรือปั้นจากดินหรือขี้ผึ้ง ของตลาดหล่อโลหะ",
  "shape_en": "A bull or buffalo, woven from strips of bamboo that grew arching over a path (method 1) or moulded from clay or beeswax (method 2). Modern pieces are cast metal, sometimes with coffin-nail iron in the mix per Thai Wikipedia.",
  "size_mm": null,
  "wearable_th": "ไม่ห้อยคอ ตั้งในโรงเล็ก ของตลาดมีแบบพกได้",
  "wearable_en": "Not worn in the treatise; housed in a small shed. The market sells pocket versions.",
  "obverse_th": "ตัววัวทั้งตัว เขาแหลม",
  "obverse_en": "The whole animal, horns pointed",
  "reverse_th": "",
  "reverse_en": "",
  "notes_en": "The vault class vocabulary lists only หุ่นพยนต์ and พยนต์ as members; the bull is placed in hun_phayon by inference from its making — animated by katha, housed, told its job, fed — and awaits a knower's ruling."
 },
 "iconography": [
  {
   "th": "วัวเขาแหลมคือหอก",
   "en": "a bull whose horns the katha calls spears"
  },
  {
   "th": "ควายธนู: อิศวรเป็นตาซ้าย อาทิตย์ตาขวา นารายณ์เป็นเขา อินทร์เป็นหาง จตุโลกบาลเป็นสี่เท้า ฝูงผีเป็นไส้พุง",
   "en": "the buffalo variant assembles gods into its parts — Ishvara the left eye, the Sun the right, Narayana the horns, Indra the tail, the four world-guardians its feet, the host of ghosts its guts"
  }
 ],
 "origin": {
  "wat_slug": null,
  "wat_th": "",
  "wat_en": "",
  "maker_th": "ตำราสร้างเครื่องรางของขลัง (ไม่ระบุผู้แต่ง)",
  "maker_en": "Anonymous amulet-making treatise, manuscript 6983",
  "era_th": "ตำราไม่ระบุปี",
  "era_en": "Undated treatise; Thai Wikipedia ties the buffalo form to rice-farming animism without a date",
  "place_th": "ประเพณีภาคกลาง",
  "place_en": "Central Thai tradition",
  "first_attested": ""
 },
 "diagnostics": [
  {
   "th": "เป็นรูปวัวหรือควายทั้งตัว ไม่ใช่เขาสัตว์เปล่า",
   "en": "A whole bull or buffalo figure, never a bare horn — a horn alone is a natural talisman",
   "source": "s:ms6983",
   "tier": "catalogue"
  },
  {
   "th": "ตอกไม้ไผ่สาน ดิน หรือขี้ผึ้ง ตามตำรา ของใหม่หล่อโลหะ",
   "en": "Woven bamboo strip, clay or beeswax in the treatise; cast metal on the modern shelf",
   "source": "s:ms6983",
   "tier": "catalogue"
  },
  {
   "th": "มีโรงหรือที่อยู่ มีหญ้าน้ำวางไว้ — ของที่เลี้ยงคือวัวธนู",
   "en": "A kept piece has a shed or place of its own with grass and water set out; that upkeep is the class tell",
   "source": "s:ms6983",
   "tier": "catalogue"
  },
  {
   "th": "ทำวัวหรือควายอย่างเดียว ไม่ทำคู่",
   "en": "The treatise says choose bull or buffalo, not both; a pair is a market idea",
   "source": "s:ms6983",
   "tier": "catalogue"
  }
 ],
 "confusable_with": [
  {
   "id": "hun-phayon",
   "tell_th": "หุ่นพยนต์เป็นรูปคนถืออาวุธ วัวธนูเป็นรูปสัตว์ ปลุกและเลี้ยงเหมือนกัน",
   "tell_en": "A hun phayon is a man with a weapon, a wua thanu a bull; both are woken by katha, housed and fed, so the class is shared and only the figure differs."
  },
  {
   "id": "phaya-tao-ruean",
   "tell_th": "เต่าเรือนเป็นวัตถุมงคลรูปสัตว์ ไม่มีผู้อยู่ ไม่ต้องเลี้ยง วัวธนูต้องเลี้ยงหญ้าน้ำ",
   "tell_en": "The house-turtle is a blessed animal amulet with nobody home; the bull is fed grass and water. Same shelf, different keeping."
  },
  {
   "id": "kuman-thong",
   "tell_th": "กุมารทองเป็นเด็ก เลี้ยงอย่างลูก วัวธนูเป็นสัตว์เฝ้าบ้าน เลี้ยงอย่างสัตว์",
   "tell_en": "A kuman is a child-spirit raised as family; the bull is a guard animal fed as an animal. Neither is a phra khrueang."
  }
 ],
 "market": {
  "search": [
   "วัวธนู",
   "ควายธนู"
  ],
  "excludes": [],
  "tier": "retail"
 },
 "media": {
  "commons_categories": [],
  "commons_files": [],
  "wanted_en": "No free photograph on Wikimedia Commons as of 2026-09-02 (searches on วัวธนู, wua thanu, khwai thanu returned nothing). Needed: a woven-bamboo bull whole, a cast pocket piece, and one in its shed with grass and water."
 },
 "images": [],
 "text": {
  "what_th": "รูปวัวหรือควายที่สาน ปั้น หรือหล่อ แล้วปลุกด้วยคาถาให้เฝ้าบ้าน ตำราให้ทำโรงให้อยู่ บอกความประสงค์ และเลี้ยงด้วยหญ้าและน้ำอย่างสัตว์เป็น ผู้ร้ายเข้ามาให้ชน",
  "what_en": "A bull or buffalo figure — woven, moulded or cast — woken by katha to guard the house. The treatise gives it a shed, tells it what is wanted, and feeds it grass and water like a living beast; intruders are to be gored.",
  "story_th": "แบบที่ ๑ ตัดไม้ไผ่ที่ขึ้นคร่อมทางให้ขาดในทีเดียวพร้อมว่า นะโมตัสสะ จักเป็นตอกสานเป็นวัว บริกรรม โอม โคโน โคโน จนเสร็จ เสกอีก ๗ ที ทำโรงให้ สั่งว่าถ้าผู้ร้ายเข้ามาจงชนให้ตาย เซ่นเหล้าขาว แบบที่ ๒ ปั้นดินหรือขี้ผึ้งเป็นวัว เสกด้วยคาถา เขากูแหลมคือหอก ทำที่ให้อยู่ หาหญ้าน้ำเลี้ยงด้วยคาถาเลี้ยง บอกความประสงค์ กันโจรภัยสารพัด ควายธนูทำอย่างเดียวกัน แต่เลือกทำอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่ง",
  "story_en": "Method 1 cuts, in a single stroke and with the namo tassa, a bamboo that grew arching over a path, splits it and weaves a bull while reciting 'om ko-no ko-no' to the end, consecrates it seven more times, builds it a shed, instructs it to gore any wrongdoer to death, and offers white liquor. Method 2 moulds clay or beeswax into a bull and consecrates it with a katha in which the bull's horns are spears and its gaze spans a hundred thousand leagues, then gives it a place, grass and water under its own feeding-katha, and tells it what is wanted — against every kind of theft. The buffalo is made the same way with gods assembled into its body; the treatise says make one or the other, not both.",
  "keeping_th": "มีสิ่งที่ถูกปลุกอยู่ ต้องมีที่อยู่ หญ้า น้ำ และคำสั่ง วิกิพีเดียไทยว่าบางถิ่นเชื่อว่าละเลยแล้ววัวจะกลับมาทำร้ายเจ้าของ",
  "keeping_en": "Something animated is home. It owes a place, grass, water and instructions; Thai Wikipedia records a regional belief that a neglected buffalo turns on its keeper. Class placement is this record's inference — see form.notes_en — and worth asking who kept it before you."
 },
 "sources": [
  "s:vault-classes",
  "s:ms6983",
  "s:th-wiki-khwai-thanu",
  "s:amulet-reference",
  "s:tradition"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "catalogue",
   "source": "s:ms6983",
   "note": "bilingual.md lines 2993–3033 (printed pp. 76–77): วัวธนู แบบที่ ๑ / ๒, ควายธนู"
  },
  "fields": {
   "axes.class": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "source": "s:vault-classes",
    "note": "not a listed member of any class; placed with hun_phayon by upkeep (animated, housed, fed)"
   },
   "axes.functions": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:ms6983"
   },
   "text.keeping_en": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:vault-classes"
   },
   "form.shape_en": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:ms6983",
    "note": "cast-metal and coffin-nail detail: s:th-wiki-khwai-thanu"
   },
   "form.wearable_en": {
    "tier": "tradition",
    "source": "s:tradition"
   },
   "names.aliases": {
    "tier": "inference"
   },
   "market": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "search terms are this record's, not holding_key's"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "medium",
 "needs_verification": true,
 "updated": "2026-09-02",
 "class_facts": {
  "key": "hun_phayon",
  "term": "หุ่นพยนต์",
  "roman": "hun phayon",
  "en_gloss": "animated effigy / servant-golem",
  "resident": "animated",
  "upkeep": "veneration",
  "provenance_sensitivity": "medium",
  "definition": "An effigy — figure, cloth, or metal — ANIMATED by yantra and spell to act as a servant or guardian. The occupant is a compelled animation rather than a named ghost or venerated deva, which is what makes it its own class. Ms 6983 gives the recipe outright: ตำราสร้างหุ่นพยนต์ แบบที่ ๑ / ๒, beside the ritual knife (มีดหมอ) used to make it. The courtroom Hanuman — held in the mouth, given commands — is one of these.",
  "confidence": "high"
 },
 "function_terms": [
  {
   "key": "khum_khrong",
   "term": "คุ้มครอง",
   "roman": "khum khrong",
   "en": "general protection, watching over",
   "definition": "Unspecified guardianship. **A holding pen, not a category** — when a source says only คุ้มครอง it usually has not said which of the specific functions above it means. Treat its presence as a gap to close, not an answer."
  },
  {
   "key": "kan_phi",
   "term": "กันผี",
   "roman": "kan phi",
   "en": "warding spirits",
   "definition": "Against ผี specifically — the dead, the hungry, the malicious — not against human violence. A different threat model from คงกระพัน entirely."
  }
 ],
 "material_terms": [
  {
   "key": "nuea_din",
   "term": "เนื้อดิน",
   "roman": "nuea din",
   "en": "clay body",
   "definition": "Clay pressed in a mould and fired. The body of พระรอด, พระนางพญา and พระผงสุพรรณ — the last of which is named ผง but is fired earth, a naming trap worth knowing. Fire colour ranges widely within a single kiln load, so colour alone settles nothing."
  }
 ],
 "region_terms": [
  {
   "key": "th-central",
   "th": "ภาคกลาง",
   "en": "Central Thailand (Bangkok, Ayutthaya basin)"
  },
  {
   "key": "th",
   "th": "ทั่วประเทศไทย",
   "en": "Thailand, not regionally specific"
  }
 ],
 "market_stats": {
  "listings": 1,
  "priced": 1,
  "median_thb": 79.0,
  "typical_thb": [
   79.0,
   79.0
  ],
  "source": "s:catalog-db",
  "tier": "catalogue",
  "note": "title matches only; delete-then-test excludes applied"
 },
 "primary_image": null,
 "tier_labels": {
  "en": {
   "catalogue": "Catalogue — checkable against the corpus (catalog.db, a transcribed treatise)",
   "cited": "Cited — a named external source, linked",
   "tradition": "Tradition — general knowledge of the wider tradition, hedged",
   "inference": "Inference — this project's own reasoning from the above",
   "field": "Field — someone stood there"
  },
  "th": {
   "catalogue": "จากคลัง",
   "cited": "อ้างอิงแหล่ง",
   "tradition": "ตามประเพณี",
   "inference": "อนุมาน",
   "field": "พบเห็นเอง"
  }
 }
}