{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "rup-lo",
 "level": "kind",
 "parent": null,
 "names": {
  "th": "รูปหล่อ",
  "roman": "rup lo",
  "en": "cast monk figure",
  "aliases": {
   "th": [
    "รูปหล่อโบราณ",
    "รูปหล่อลอยองค์",
    "รูปเหมือนหล่อ",
    "รูปหล่อปั๊ม"
   ],
   "roman": [
    "roop lor",
    "rup lor",
    "roop lor boran"
   ],
   "en": [
    "cast monk statuette",
    "loi ong figure"
   ]
  }
 },
 "region": [
  "th"
 ],
 "axes": {
  "class": "phra_khrueang",
  "functions": [
   "metta_maha_niyom",
   "khum_khrong",
   "khlaeo_khlat"
  ],
  "materials": [
   "nuea_loha",
   "thonglueang",
   "samrit",
   "nawaloha",
   "ngoen"
  ],
  "figures": [
   "monk"
  ]
 },
 "form": {
  "type": "figure",
  "shape_th": "รูปพระสงฆ์นั่งสมาธิลอยองค์ หล่อโลหะ ฐานมักมีชื่อหรือโค้ด ขนาดห้อยคอถึงตั้งโต๊ะ",
  "shape_en": "A free-standing cast monk seated in meditation; the base often carries a name or a stamped code. Pendant size up to altar size",
  "size_mm": [
   15,
   25,
   10
  ],
  "wearable_th": "ห้อยคอในตลับ หรือตั้งบูชา",
  "wearable_en": "Worn in a case, or set on the altar in the larger sizes",
  "obverse_th": "หน้าพระสงฆ์ ศีรษะโล้น ห่มจีวร",
  "obverse_en": "The monk's face, shaven head, robes",
  "reverse_th": "หลังจีวร ใต้ฐานมีรอยตัดชนวนหรืออุดกริ่ง บางรุ่นตอกโค้ด",
  "reverse_en": "Robe folds; the underside shows the cut sprue or a plugged cavity, and on modern runs a stamped code",
  "notes_en": "Size given is a pendant piece. รูปหล่อโบราณ (old cast) and รูปหล่อปั๊ม (die-struck three-dimensional) are trade distinctions in the making method."
 },
 "iconography": [
  {
   "th": "พระสงฆ์นั่งสมาธิ",
   "en": "a monk seated in meditation"
  },
  {
   "th": "ศีรษะโล้น ไม่มีอุษณีษะ",
   "en": "shaven head, no ushnisha — a monk, not a Buddha"
  },
  {
   "th": "ชื่อหรืออักขระที่ฐาน",
   "en": "a name or letters on the base"
  }
 ],
 "origin": {
  "wat_slug": null,
  "wat_th": "",
  "wat_en": "",
  "maker_th": "วัดและสำนักทั่วประเทศ",
  "maker_en": "Temples nationwide; the trade's reference lineage for the old cast form is Luang Pho Ngoen of Wat Bang Khlan",
  "era_th": "รัตนโกสินทร์ถึงปัจจุบัน",
  "era_en": "Rattanakosin to the present",
  "place_th": "ทั่วประเทศ",
  "place_en": "Nationwide",
  "first_attested": ""
 },
 "diagnostics": [
  {
   "th": "ลอยองค์สามมิติ ไม่ใช่เหรียญแบน",
   "en": "Fully three-dimensional; a flat portrait is a medallion",
   "source": "s:holding-key",
   "tier": "catalogue"
  },
  {
   "th": "หัวโล้น จีวร ไม่มีอุษณีษะ ไม่มีฐานบัว — พระสงฆ์ ไม่ใช่พระพุทธรูป",
   "en": "Bald, robed, no ushnisha and usually no lotus base: a monk, not a Buddha",
   "source": "s:vault-classes",
   "tier": "catalogue"
  },
  {
   "th": "ใต้ฐานมีรอยตัดชนวน รอยตะไบ หรือรูอุด",
   "en": "Underside shows a cut sprue, file marks, or a plugged pour hole; casting leaves these, striking does not",
   "source": "s:tradition",
   "tier": "tradition"
  },
  {
   "th": "รุ่นใหม่มักตอกโค้ดและหมายเลข",
   "en": "Modern temple runs usually stamp a code and serial number; a type mark, not a proof",
   "source": "s:tradition",
   "tier": "tradition"
  }
 ],
 "confusable_with": [
  {
   "id": "rian-kechi",
   "tell_th": "รูปหล่อลอยองค์ · เหรียญแบนมีหู",
   "tell_en": "A rup lo is in the round; a rian kechi is a flat struck disc with a loop"
  },
  {
   "id": "phra-kring",
   "tell_th": "พระกริ่งเป็นพระพุทธรูปมีเม็ดกริ่ง · รูปหล่อเป็นพระสงฆ์",
   "tell_en": "A kring is a Buddha with a lotus base and a pellet; a rup lo is a monk, and a pellet in one is the exception the trade names separately"
  },
  {
   "id": "luang-pu-thuat",
   "tell_th": "รูปหล่อหลวงปู่ทวดคือรูปหล่อของท่านองค์เดียว มีรูปแบบเฉพาะ",
   "tell_en": "A cast Luang Pu Thuat is a rup lo of one monk with its own canonical forms; the kind here is the general form"
  },
  {
   "id": "rup-lersi",
   "tell_th": "ฤๅษีมีหนวดเครา หนังเสือ · รูปหล่อเป็นพระสงฆ์โล้น",
   "tell_en": "A lersi wears a beard and tiger skin; a rup lo is a shaven monk in robes"
  }
 ],
 "market": {
  "search": [
   "รูปหล่อ"
  ],
  "excludes": [],
  "tier": "both"
 },
 "media": {
  "commons_categories": [],
  "commons_files": [],
  "wanted_en": "No free pendant-size cast monk found on Wikimedia Commons as of 2026-09-02; every รูปหล่อ hit is a temple-size statue. Needed: a pendant piece front, side and underside showing the sprue cut or code"
 },
 "images": [],
 "text": {
  "what_th": "รูปพระสงฆ์นั่งสมาธิหล่อโลหะลอยองค์ คือญาติสามมิติของเหรียญ มีตั้งแต่ขนาดห้อยคอถึงตั้งบูชา พลังอยู่ที่บารมีของท่านและการปลุกเสก ไม่มีผู้อยู่",
  "what_en": "A small cast statue of a monk seated in meditation — the medallion's three-dimensional cousin, from pendant size up to the altar.",
  "story_th": "วงการแยกรูปหล่อโบราณที่หล่อแบบเทดินไทย จากรูปหล่อปั๊มยุคหลัง สายที่ยกเป็นแบบอย่างคือหลวงพ่อเงิน วัดบางคลาน ทุกวันนี้แทบทุกวัดออกรูปหล่อของเกจิของตน พร้อมโค้ดและหมายเลข",
  "story_en": "The trade separates the old lost-wax or sand-cast pieces (รูปหล่อโบราณ) from later die-struck three-dimensional ones (รูปหล่อปั๊ม), and holds Luang Pho Ngoen of Wat Bang Khlan as the reference lineage for the old form. Today most temples issue a cast figure of their own master with a code and serial, sold in the same batches as the medallion.",
  "keeping_th": "ไม่มีผู้อยู่ ไม่ต้องเลี้ยง",
  "keeping_en": "Nobody home, nothing owed; a phra khrueang."
 },
 "sources": [
  "s:holding-key",
  "s:vault-classes",
  "s:vault-materials",
  "s:amulet-reference",
  "s:tradition"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "tradition",
   "source": "s:tradition"
  },
  "fields": {
   "axes": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:vault-classes"
   },
   "text.what_en": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:holding-key"
   },
   "text.keeping_en": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:vault-classes"
   },
   "market": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:holding-key"
   },
   "form.size_mm": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "pendant piece; altar sizes far larger"
   },
   "origin.maker_en": {
    "tier": "tradition",
    "source": "s:amulet-reference",
    "note": "Luang Pho Ngoen / Wat Bang Khlan named on card F·18 as a lineage; the rest is trade lore"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "medium",
 "needs_verification": true,
 "updated": "2026-09-02",
 "class_facts": {
  "key": "phra_khrueang",
  "term": "พระเครื่อง",
  "roman": "phra khrueang",
  "en_gloss": "Buddhist amulet",
  "resident": "none",
  "upkeep": "none",
  "provenance_sensitivity": "low",
  "definition": "A votive Buddha image or famous-monk amulet. Power = the barami of the maker plus the consecration (ปลุกเสก). No occupant. Its provenance question is purely one of authenticity and market value, never of spiritual safety.",
  "confidence": "high"
 },
 "function_terms": [
  {
   "key": "metta_maha_niyom",
   "term": "เมตตามหานิยม",
   "roman": "metta maha niyom",
   "en": "loving-kindness and wide popularity",
   "definition": "Broad social favour — people are well-disposed, superiors are lenient, customers return. Built on เมตตา, the Buddhist virtue, and respectable to carry and to sell."
  },
  {
   "key": "khum_khrong",
   "term": "คุ้มครอง",
   "roman": "khum khrong",
   "en": "general protection, watching over",
   "definition": "Unspecified guardianship. **A holding pen, not a category** — when a source says only คุ้มครอง it usually has not said which of the specific functions above it means. Treat its presence as a gap to close, not an answer."
  },
  {
   "key": "khlaeo_khlat",
   "term": "แคล้วคลาด",
   "roman": "khlaeo khlat",
   "en": "evasion, narrow escape",
   "definition": "Harm passes by — the accident happens to the next vehicle, the bullet goes wide, you left the building early. Distinct in kind from คงกระพัน: nothing strikes you at all, so nothing needs to be resisted."
  }
 ],
 "material_terms": [
  {
   "key": "nuea_loha",
   "term": "เนื้อโลหะ",
   "roman": "nuea loha",
   "en": "metal (unspecified)",
   "definition": "Metal, unspecified. Common in listings precisely because it commits to nothing. Recorded as its own term rather than resolved, because the vagueness is itself the datum — a seller who can name the alloy usually does."
  },
  {
   "key": "thonglueang",
   "term": "ทองเหลือง",
   "roman": "thonglueang",
   "en": "brass",
   "definition": "Brass. The most-named metal in the corpus by a wide margin — the everyday material of altar goods, pendant frames and mass issues. High occurrence here reflects volume at the low end of the market, not regard."
  },
  {
   "key": "samrit",
   "term": "สัมฤทธิ์",
   "roman": "samrit",
   "en": "bronze",
   "definition": "Bronze. The body of most พระบูชา (altar images) as distinct from the small worn amulet. Spelled both สัมฤทธิ์ and สำริด in the market."
  },
  {
   "key": "nawaloha",
   "term": "นวโลหะ",
   "roman": "nawaloha",
   "en": "nine-metal alloy",
   "definition": "An alloy of nine metals cast to a prescribed recipe, each metal contributed for its own quality. Highly regarded, and the claim cannot be read off the finished object — which makes the record of the casting (which foundry, which ceremony, which year) the actual asset. A register entry is worth more here than a photograph."
  },
  {
   "key": "ngoen",
   "term": "เนื้อเงิน",
   "roman": "nuea ngoen",
   "en": "silver",
   "definition": "Silver. Usually the middle tier of a struck issue — a รุ่น commonly runs ทองแดง, เงิน, ทองคำ from the same die, in descending quantity and ascending regard."
  }
 ],
 "region_terms": [
  {
   "key": "th",
   "th": "ทั่วประเทศไทย",
   "en": "Thailand, not regionally specific"
  }
 ],
 "market_stats": {
  "listings": 88,
  "priced": 88,
  "median_thb": 98.5,
  "typical_thb": [
   49.0,
   500.0
  ],
  "source": "s:catalog-db",
  "tier": "catalogue",
  "note": "title matches only; delete-then-test excludes applied"
 },
 "primary_image": null,
 "tier_labels": {
  "en": {
   "catalogue": "Catalogue — checkable against the corpus (catalog.db, a transcribed treatise)",
   "cited": "Cited — a named external source, linked",
   "tradition": "Tradition — general knowledge of the wider tradition, hedged",
   "inference": "Inference — this project's own reasoning from the above",
   "field": "Field — someone stood there"
  },
  "th": {
   "catalogue": "จากคลัง",
   "cited": "อ้างอิงแหล่ง",
   "tradition": "ตามประเพณี",
   "inference": "อนุมาน",
   "field": "พบเห็นเอง"
  }
 }
}