{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "rup-lersi",
 "level": "kind",
 "parent": null,
 "names": {
  "th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
  "roman": "rup phra ruesi",
  "en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher)",
  "aliases": {
   "th": [
    "ฤๅษี",
    "ฤาษี",
    "พระฤๅษี",
    "พ่อแก่",
    "ปู่ฤๅษี"
   ],
   "roman": [
    "lersi",
    "ruesi",
    "reusi",
    "pho kae"
   ],
   "en": [
    "hermit sage",
    "rishi figure",
    "Por Gae"
   ]
  }
 },
 "region": [
  "th"
 ],
 "axes": {
  "class": null,
  "functions": [
   "khum_khrong"
  ],
  "materials": [
   "nuea_din",
   "nuea_loha",
   "thonglueang"
  ],
  "figures": [
   "human"
  ]
 },
 "form": {
  "type": "figure",
  "shape_th": "ฤๅษีนั่งขัดสมาธิ ชฎาสูง หนวดเครา ห่มหนังเสือ มือขวาถือลูกประคำ — รูปปั้นดิน รูปหล่อ และหน้ากากพ่อแก่",
  "shape_en": "A bearded hermit seated cross-legged in a tall chignon-crown, tiger-skin over the shoulder, a rosary in the right hand; moulded earth, cast metal, and the mask-head type (พ่อแก่) used on teacher-shrines",
  "size_mm": null,
  "wearable_th": "รูปตั้งบูชาบนหิ้งครูเป็นหลัก มีจี้และล็อกเก็ตด้วย",
  "wearable_en": "Chiefly a shelf figure on the teacher's altar; pendants and lockets exist",
  "obverse_th": "ฤๅษีนั่ง มือซ้ายตั้งบนตัก มือขวาถือลูกประคำ ตามตำราแบบที่ ๓",
  "obverse_en": "Seated hermit, left hand on the lap, right hand holding a rosary (treatise method 3)",
  "reverse_th": "เรียบ หรือลงเลขยันต์",
  "reverse_en": "Plain, or numeral yantra",
  "notes_en": "Method 3 places numerals on the body: 1 at the crown, 9 on both upper arms, 2 on both knees, 7 at the front of the base. No function key fits 'mastery of healing and mantra'; khum_khrong stands for method 2's claim that the katha wards off every danger."
 },
 "iconography": [
  {
   "th": "ห่มหนังเสือ",
   "en": "tiger-skin worn over the shoulder"
  },
  {
   "th": "ชฎาสูง หนวดเครายาว",
   "en": "tall chignon-crown and long beard"
  },
  {
   "th": "ลูกประคำในมือขวา",
   "en": "a rosary in the right hand"
  },
  {
   "th": "เลข ๑ ๙ ๒ ๗ ตามร่าง",
   "en": "treatise numerals 1, 9, 2, 7 at crown, arms, knees and base"
  }
 ],
 "origin": {
  "wat_slug": null,
  "wat_th": "",
  "wat_en": "",
  "maker_th": "ตำราสร้างเครื่องรางของขลัง (ไม่ระบุผู้แต่ง) ให้ ๓ วิธี",
  "maker_en": "Anonymous amulet-making treatise, manuscript 6983, three moulding methods",
  "era_th": "ตำราไม่ระบุปี",
  "era_en": "Undated treatise",
  "place_th": "ประเพณีภาคกลาง",
  "place_en": "Central Thai tradition",
  "first_attested": ""
 },
 "diagnostics": [
  {
   "th": "รูปคน ไม่ใช่องค์พระ ไม่ใช่พระเกจิ — ฤๅษีมีชฎา หนวด และหนังเสือ พระภิกษุมีจีวรและศีรษะโล้น",
   "en": "A human figure, not a Buddha and not a monk: the hermit has a chignon-crown, beard and tiger-skin where a monk has robes and a shaven head",
   "source": "s:holding-key",
   "tier": "catalogue"
  },
  {
   "th": "ตำราปั้นจากดินยอดปลวก ๗ แห่ง — เนื้อดินหยาบ ไม่ใช่ผงอัด",
   "en": "Treatise pieces are moulded from termite-mound earth gathered at seven places (method 2 adds earths gathered by sevens from named places): a coarse earth body, not pressed powder",
   "source": "s:ms6983",
   "tier": "catalogue"
  },
  {
   "th": "ใบไม้ ๗ อย่างบรรจุในองค์ — ชุมแสง ราชพฤกษ์ มะคำไก่ มะตูม คันทรง กัลปพฤกษ์ ไชยพฤกษ์",
   "en": "Seven named leaves are sealed inside: chumsaeng, ratchaphruek, makham-kai, matum (bael), khan-song, kanlapaphruek, chaiyaphruek — a filled cavity is the type's mark",
   "source": "s:ms6983",
   "tier": "catalogue"
  },
  {
   "th": "หน้ากากพ่อแก่ (หัวโขนฤๅษี) เป็นรูปครูของนาฏศิลป์ คนละของกับรูปฤๅษีตั้งบูชา แม้เป็นบุคคลเดียวกัน",
   "en": "The Pho Kae mask-head of the performing arts is a teacher-icon, not the amulet figure, though it is the same sage",
   "source": "s:tradition",
   "tier": "tradition"
  }
 ],
 "confusable_with": [
  {
   "id": "chuchok",
   "tell_th": "ชูชกเป็นตาแก่ขอทาน ถือไม้เท้าและย่าม ไม่มีชฎา · ฤๅษีมีชฎา หนังเสือ ลูกประคำ",
   "tell_en": "Chuchok is an old beggar with a staff and bag and no crown; the lersi has the chignon-crown, tiger-skin and rosary. Both are unplaced by the class vocabulary."
  },
  {
   "id": "luang-pu-thuat",
   "tell_th": "หลวงปู่ทวดเป็นพระภิกษุ ศีรษะโล้น ครองจีวร · ฤๅษีไว้ผมมวยและหนวด",
   "tell_en": "Luang Pu Thuat is a monk, shaven and robed; the hermit wears his hair up and his beard long."
  },
  {
   "id": "phra-siwali",
   "tell_th": "พระสีวลียืน แบกกลดและไม้เท้า เป็นพระอรหันต์ · ฤๅษีนั่ง ถือลูกประคำ ไม่ใช่พระภิกษุ",
   "tell_en": "Phra Siwali stands with umbrella and staff and is an arahant monk; the lersi sits with a rosary and is no monk at all."
  },
  {
   "id": "rup-lo",
   "tell_th": "รูปหล่อคือพระเกจิ · ฤๅษีเป็นครูฆราวาส",
   "tell_en": "A rup lo is a cast monk; the hermit is a lay teacher-sage. Same casting, different head."
  }
 ],
 "market": {
  "search": [
   "ฤๅษี",
   "ฤาษี"
  ],
  "excludes": [],
  "tier": "both"
 },
 "media": {
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   "Category:Ruesi"
  ],
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  ],
  "wanted_en": "Commons holds temple hermit statues (Wat Pho's stretching hermits, Lopburi). Needed: a small earth or cast shelf figure with the rosary, and a pendant obverse and reverse"
 },
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   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Wat Pho, Bangkok",
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   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Lopburi Prang Sam Yod Rishi.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Lopburi_Prang_Sam_Yod_Rishi.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
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   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Carving of Rishi in the base of a colonette of the southern door of Prang Sam Yod, Lopburi, Thailand. \nPhoto taken by Us",
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   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Prasat Ban Phluang, Thailand",
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   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — A statue of a ruesi (Thai script: ฤษี), a Thai hermit and/or mystic, in his usual attire, at Wat Suan Tan. Ruesi perform",
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   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — 005 Karasitrusi, at Wat Phananchoeng, Ayutthaya",
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   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Wat Pho 3 ermite et sage ruesi 1.jpg",
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   "author": "Bienvenue en Thaïlande",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
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   "author": "Bienvenue en Thaïlande",
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   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Ermite et sage ruesi",
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   "author": "Bienvenue en Thaïlande",
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   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Ermite  et sage ruesi",
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   "author": "Bienvenue en Thaïlande",
   "credit": "Own work",
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   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Ermites et sages ruesi",
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   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — ​泰國孔劇魯士（Ruesi）面具，臺北市中正區城內次分區黎明里（臺北城內府後街）",
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   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Ermites (sages / ruesis / rishis / brahmanes)",
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   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
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  {
   "file": "rup-lersi/rup-lersi-temple-wat-pho-24-275edb.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Temple Wat Pho 24.jpg",
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   "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en",
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   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Ermites (sages / ruesis / rishis / brahmanes)",
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  {
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   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Ermites (sages / ruesis / rishis / brahmanes)",
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  {
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   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Cheval, ermites (sages / ruesis / rishis / brahmanes) et autre statue",
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   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Ermite (sage / ruesi / rishi / brahmane)",
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  {
   "file": "rup-lersi/rup-lersi-temple-wat-pho-28-7d9000.jpg",
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   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Ermite (sage / ruesi / rishis / brahmane)",
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  {
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   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Ermite (sage / ruesi / rishi / brahmane)",
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   "author": "Welcome to Thailand",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
   "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Cheval et ermite (sage / ruesi / rishi / brahmane)",
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 ],
 "text": {
  "what_th": "รูปพระฤๅษีห่มหนังเสือ ครูของวิชาทั้งปวง บูชาในวันไหว้ครู ตำราในชุดนี้ให้วิธีปั้น: ดินยอดปลวกและใบไม้ ๗ อย่าง ปั้นเป็นพระมหาฤๅษี",
  "what_en": "The tiger-skinned hermit sage — the tradition's own teacher-figure, honoured at every wai khru. A treatise in this corpus gives a moulding recipe: termite-mound earth and seven named leaves, shaped into the Great Lersi.",
  "story_th": "ตำราให้ ๓ วิธี แบบที่ ๑ สำหรับผู้จะเรียนหมอและถือมนต์ให้ขึ้น เอาดินยอดปลวก ๗ แห่งปั้นเป็นพระมหาฤๅษี บรรจุใบไม้ ๗ อย่าง ตั้งเครื่องกระยาบวช เสกคาถา นาโคคีรียะ ๑๐๘ แล้วอิติปิโส ๑๐๘ แบบที่ ๒ ผสมดินจากที่ต่างๆ ๗ แห่งกับใบไม้เผา (ตำราให้สูตรทำ ไม่นำส่วนผสมมาลงที่นี่) ตั้งเป็นประธานเวลาบดยา แบบที่ ๓ ปั้นนั่งขัดสมาธิ มือขวาถือลูกประคำ ลงเลขตามร่าง เสกใบไม้ ๑๐๘ คาบบรรจุในองค์ ตำราว่าผู้ใดพบตำรานี้เหมือนได้พบองค์พระฤๅษีเจ้า",
  "story_en": "Manuscript 6983 gives three ways. Method 1, for whoever would learn medicine and hold mantras so they rise in power: earth from the tops of seven termite mounds moulded into the Great Lersi, seven leaves sealed inside, ascetic offering-foods set out, the katha beginning นาโคคีรียะ recited 108 times and then the Itipiso 108. Method 2 mixes earths gathered by sevens from named places with burned leaves (the treatise gives a making-recipe; its ingredients are not reproduced here); the figure presides whenever medicine is ground, on a white cloth with bai-si to left and right. Method 3 seats him cross-legged with a rosary, marks numerals on crown, arms, knees and base, and consecrates the leaves 108 times before sealing them in. The text closes: whoever finds this treatise has met the Lersi himself.",
  "keeping_th": "หมวดยังไม่วางฤๅษีไว้ในชั้นใด ผู้บูชาส่วนใหญ่ถือเป็นครูที่ไหว้ในวันไหว้ครู ไม่ใช่ผู้อยู่ที่ต้องเลี้ยง ตำราให้ตั้งเครื่องสักการะเมื่อจะทำการ",
  "keeping_en": "Unplaced: the class vocabulary does not yet carry the lersi as a member term, and this record keeps class null rather than guess. Most keepers treat the figure as a teacher venerated on wai-khru days, not a resident to feed; the treatise sets offerings before him when work begins and asks his leave. Held here ahead of a vocabulary entry."
 },
 "sources": [
  "s:holding-key",
  "s:vault-classes",
  "s:ms6983",
  "s:amulet-reference",
  "s:tradition"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "catalogue",
   "source": "s:ms6983",
   "note": "bilingual.md lines 1791–1824 (printed pp. 34–35), methods 1–3"
  },
  "fields": {
   "text.what_en": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:holding-key"
   },
   "text.keeping_en": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:holding-key"
   },
   "form.wearable_en": {
    "tier": "tradition",
    "source": "s:tradition"
   },
   "names.aliases": {
    "tier": "tradition",
    "source": "s:tradition"
   },
   "market": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:holding-key"
   },
   "axes": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:holding-key",
    "note": "class null on purpose (vocabulary does not place the lersi); functions are inference — see keeping_en"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "medium",
 "needs_verification": true,
 "updated": "2026-09-02",
 "class_facts": {
  "key": null,
  "term": "ยังไม่ชี้ขาด",
  "en": "left to a knower",
  "resident": null,
  "upkeep": null,
  "provenance_sensitivity": null,
  "definition": "The vault vocabulary does not place this kind; the refusal is recorded, not papered over."
 },
 "function_terms": [
  {
   "key": "khum_khrong",
   "term": "คุ้มครอง",
   "roman": "khum khrong",
   "en": "general protection, watching over",
   "definition": "Unspecified guardianship. **A holding pen, not a category** — when a source says only คุ้มครอง it usually has not said which of the specific functions above it means. Treat its presence as a gap to close, not an answer."
  }
 ],
 "material_terms": [
  {
   "key": "nuea_din",
   "term": "เนื้อดิน",
   "roman": "nuea din",
   "en": "clay body",
   "definition": "Clay pressed in a mould and fired. The body of พระรอด, พระนางพญา and พระผงสุพรรณ — the last of which is named ผง but is fired earth, a naming trap worth knowing. Fire colour ranges widely within a single kiln load, so colour alone settles nothing."
  },
  {
   "key": "nuea_loha",
   "term": "เนื้อโลหะ",
   "roman": "nuea loha",
   "en": "metal (unspecified)",
   "definition": "Metal, unspecified. Common in listings precisely because it commits to nothing. Recorded as its own term rather than resolved, because the vagueness is itself the datum — a seller who can name the alloy usually does."
  },
  {
   "key": "thonglueang",
   "term": "ทองเหลือง",
   "roman": "thonglueang",
   "en": "brass",
   "definition": "Brass. The most-named metal in the corpus by a wide margin — the everyday material of altar goods, pendant frames and mass issues. High occurrence here reflects volume at the low end of the market, not regard."
  }
 ],
 "region_terms": [
  {
   "key": "th",
   "th": "ทั่วประเทศไทย",
   "en": "Thailand, not regionally specific"
  }
 ],
 "market_stats": {
  "listings": 101,
  "priced": 101,
  "median_thb": 129.0,
  "typical_thb": [
   69.0,
   730.0
  ],
  "source": "s:catalog-db",
  "tier": "catalogue",
  "note": "title matches only; delete-then-test excludes applied"
 },
 "primary_image": {
  "file": "rup-lersi/rup-lersi-100-sage-and-tiger-9155370109-228e53.jpg",
  "source": "commons",
  "title": "File:100 Sage and Tiger (9155370109).jpg",
  "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/100_Sage_and_Tiger_%289155370109%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
  "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50835276",
  "license": "CC BY 2.0",
  "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0",
  "author": "Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand",
  "credit": "100 Sage and Tiger",
  "view": "other",
  "alt_th": "รูปพระฤๅษี",
  "alt_en": "Phra Lersi figure (the hermit-teacher) — Wat Pho, Bangkok",
  "sha256": "d577d45655c22a0cf9bb91b2624e3ad4f6585e9364d0345095c70c7fca7ba33b",
  "width": 4252,
  "height": 3149,
  "primary": true
 },
 "tier_labels": {
  "en": {
   "catalogue": "Catalogue — checkable against the corpus (catalog.db, a transcribed treatise)",
   "cited": "Cited — a named external source, linked",
   "tradition": "Tradition — general knowledge of the wider tradition, hedged",
   "inference": "Inference — this project's own reasoning from the above",
   "field": "Field — someone stood there"
  },
  "th": {
   "catalogue": "จากคลัง",
   "cited": "อ้างอิงแหล่ง",
   "tradition": "ตามประเพณี",
   "inference": "อนุมาน",
   "field": "พบเห็นเอง"
  }
 }
}