{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "luang-pu-thuat",
 "level": "kind",
 "parent": null,
 "names": {
  "th": "หลวงปู่ทวด",
  "roman": "luang pu thuat",
  "en": "Luang Pu Thuat amulet",
  "aliases": {
   "th": [
    "หลวงพ่อทวด",
    "หลวงปู่ทวดเหยียบน้ำทะเลจืด",
    "หลวงพ่อทวดวัดช้างให้",
    "หลังเตารีด"
   ],
   "roman": [
    "luang phor thuad",
    "luang pu tuad",
    "lp thuad"
   ],
   "en": [
    "Luang Phor Thuad",
    "the monk who walked on water"
   ]
  }
 },
 "region": [
  "th-south",
  "th"
 ],
 "axes": {
  "class": "phra_khrueang",
  "functions": [
   "khlaeo_khlat",
   "khum_khrong",
   "khong_kraphan"
  ],
  "materials": [
   "nuea_waan",
   "nuea_loha",
   "thonglueang",
   "samrit",
   "ngoen"
  ],
  "figures": [
   "monk"
  ]
 },
 "form": {
  "type": "tablet",
  "shape_th": "รุ่นแรกเป็นพระเนื้อว่านพิมพ์รูปท่านนั่ง รุ่นหลังมีทั้งเหรียญ รูปหล่อ และหลังเตารีดหล่อโลหะ",
  "shape_en": "The first run is a pressed wan-powder tablet of the monk seated; later runs add struck medallions, cast figures, and the cast 'flat-iron back' (หลังเตารีด) form",
  "size_mm": null,
  "wearable_th": "ห้อยคอ และวางบนแผงหน้ารถ",
  "wearable_en": "Worn at the neck; also kept on car dashboards as accident protection",
  "obverse_th": "รูปหลวงปู่ทวดนั่ง ศีรษะโล้น ห่มจีวร",
  "obverse_en": "Luang Pu Thuat seated, bald, in robes",
  "reverse_th": "เรียบ ยันต์ หรือหลังนูนทรงเตารีด ตามรุ่น",
  "reverse_en": "Plain, a yantra, or the raised flat-iron back, by run",
  "notes_en": "form.type records the canonical 2497 wan tablet; medallion and cast forms are the same kind by figure. No single size."
 },
 "iconography": [
  {
   "th": "หลวงปู่ทวดนั่ง ศีรษะโล้น",
   "en": "the monk seated, bald-headed, in monastic robes"
  },
  {
   "th": "หลังเตารีด — ด้านหลังนูนทรงเตารีด (แต่ พ.ศ. ๒๕๐๕)",
   "en": "the flat-iron back: a raised reverse shaped like an iron, from BE 2505"
  }
 ],
 "origin": {
  "wat_slug": null,
  "wat_th": "วัดช้างให้ จังหวัดปัตตานี",
  "wat_en": "Wat Chang Hai, Pattani",
  "maker_th": "พระอาจารย์ทิม ธมฺมธโร เจ้าอาวาสวัดช้างให้",
  "maker_en": "Phra Ajahn Tim Dhammadharo, abbot of Wat Chang Hai",
  "era_th": "ตัวท่านสมัยอยุธยา (พ.ศ. ๒๑๒๕–๒๒๒๕) พระเครื่องรุ่นแรก พ.ศ. ๒๔๙๗",
  "era_en": "The monk is Ayutthaya-period (1582–1682); the amulets begin in 1954",
  "place_th": "ภาคใต้",
  "place_en": "Southern Thailand",
  "first_attested": "BE 2497 (1954) first batch, entirely herbal (wan) material, per en.wikipedia Luang Pu Thuat"
 },
 "diagnostics": [
  {
   "th": "รูปพระสงฆ์นั่ง หัวโล้น — ไม่ใช่พระพุทธรูป",
   "en": "A seated bald monk, not a Buddha",
   "source": "s:en-wiki-luang-pu-thuat",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "th": "รุ่นแรกเนื้อว่านล้วน ผิวเนื้อพืชสีน้ำตาล ไม่ใช่ผงขาว ไม่ใช่โลหะ",
   "en": "The first batch is wan (herbal) material through and through: a brown vegetable body, not white powder and not metal",
   "source": "s:en-wiki-luang-pu-thuat",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "th": "หลังเตารีดคือหล่อโลหะ ด้านหลังนูน มีแต่ พ.ศ. ๒๕๐๕",
   "en": "The flat-iron back is a metal casting with a raised reverse and exists only from 2505 on",
   "source": "s:en-wiki-luang-pu-thuat",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "th": "เหรียญของท่านอ่านชื่อวัดช้างให้และปีได้",
   "en": "The medallions read Wat Chang Hai and a year, like any rian kechi",
   "source": "s:tradition",
   "tier": "tradition"
  }
 ],
 "confusable_with": [
  {
   "id": "rian-kechi",
   "tell_th": "เหรียญหลวงปู่ทวดคือเหรียญเกจิของท่าน · แต่กินดที่นี่รวมเนื้อว่านและหล่อ",
   "tell_en": "A Luang Pu Thuat medallion is a rian kechi of him; this kind also covers the wan tablets and castings the medallion form does not"
  },
  {
   "id": "rup-lo",
   "tell_th": "รูปหล่อหลวงปู่ทวดมีรูปแบบเฉพาะ หลังเตารีด",
   "tell_en": "A cast Luang Pu Thuat is a rup lo with its own canonical form, the flat-iron back; other monks' castings do not have it"
  },
  {
   "id": "jatukham",
   "tell_th": "จตุคามเป็นเทพ เหรียญใหญ่ นครศรีธรรมราช · หลวงปู่ทวดเป็นพระสงฆ์ ปัตตานี",
   "tell_en": "Both are southern; Jatukham is a large deity medallion from Nakhon Si Thammarat, Luang Pu Thuat a monk from Pattani"
  }
 ],
 "market": {
  "search": [
   "หลวงปู่ทวด",
   "หลวงพ่อทวด"
  ],
  "excludes": [],
  "tier": "both"
 },
 "media": {
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  ],
  "wanted_en": "A 2497 wan tablet and a 2505 flat-iron-back casting side by side at matched scale, with a reverse of each"
 },
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  {
   "file": "luang-pu-thuat/luang-pu-thuat-nasatta-74-fea0b4.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:ณ สัทธา อุทยานไทย Nasatta (74).jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/%E0%B8%93_%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2_Nasatta_%2874%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
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   "author": "กสิณธร ราชโอรส",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "หลวงปู่ทวด",
   "alt_en": "Luang Pu Thuat amulet — ณ สัทธา อุทยานไทย หลวงปู่ทวด",
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 ],
 "text": {
  "what_th": "พระเครื่องรูปหลวงปู่ทวด พระเถระสมัยอยุธยาแห่งภาคใต้ ผู้เหยียบน้ำทะเลจืด รุ่นแรกเนื้อว่านจากวัดช้างให้ พ.ศ. ๒๔๙๗ รุ่นหลังเป็นเหรียญและหลังเตารีด นับถือทางแคล้วคลาด",
  "what_en": "Amulets bearing Luang Pu Thuat, the Ayutthaya-period southern monk who is said to have turned seawater fresh. The first run is a wan-powder tablet from Wat Chang Hai in 1954; later runs are medallions and cast figures, carried for narrow escape.",
  "story_th": "พระอาจารย์ทิม วัดช้างให้ สร้างพระหลวงปู่ทวดรุ่นแรกเนื้อว่านล้วน พ.ศ. ๒๔๙๗ ต่อมามีเหรียญ และหลังเตารีดหล่อโลหะแต่ พ.ศ. ๒๕๐๕ ผู้บูชาเชื่อว่ารอดจากอุบัติเหตุร้ายแรง จึงติดแผงหน้ารถกันทั่วประเทศ",
  "story_en": "Phra Ajahn Tim, abbot of Wat Chang Hai in Pattani, made the first batch in 1954 entirely of wan herbal material; medallions followed, and the cast flat-iron-back form from 1962. Devotees credit the amulet with surviving fatal road accidents, which is why it rides on dashboards nationwide. The tradition holds that the bearer cannot die a violent or untimely death.",
  "keeping_th": "ไม่มีผู้อยู่ ไม่ต้องเลี้ยง",
  "keeping_en": "Nobody home, nothing owed; a phra khrueang of a monk."
 },
 "sources": [
  "s:vault-classes",
  "s:vault-materials",
  "s:en-wiki-luang-pu-thuat",
  "s:amulet-reference",
  "s:commons-amulets-th",
  "s:tradition"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "cited",
   "source": "s:en-wiki-luang-pu-thuat"
  },
  "fields": {
   "axes": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:vault-classes"
   },
   "text.keeping_en": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:vault-classes"
   },
   "text.what_en": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "no holding_key entry; composed from s:en-wiki-luang-pu-thuat and card A·03"
   },
   "market": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "no holding_key entry; search terms are the two common name spellings"
   },
   "axes.functions": {
    "tier": "tradition",
    "source": "s:amulet-reference",
    "note": "card A·03: no violent or untimely death; accident protection"
   },
   "form.wearable_en": {
    "tier": "tradition",
    "source": "s:amulet-reference"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "high",
 "needs_verification": false,
 "updated": "2026-09-02",
 "class_facts": {
  "key": "phra_khrueang",
  "term": "พระเครื่อง",
  "roman": "phra khrueang",
  "en_gloss": "Buddhist amulet",
  "resident": "none",
  "upkeep": "none",
  "provenance_sensitivity": "low",
  "definition": "A votive Buddha image or famous-monk amulet. Power = the barami of the maker plus the consecration (ปลุกเสก). No occupant. Its provenance question is purely one of authenticity and market value, never of spiritual safety.",
  "confidence": "high"
 },
 "function_terms": [
  {
   "key": "khlaeo_khlat",
   "term": "แคล้วคลาด",
   "roman": "khlaeo khlat",
   "en": "evasion, narrow escape",
   "definition": "Harm passes by — the accident happens to the next vehicle, the bullet goes wide, you left the building early. Distinct in kind from คงกระพัน: nothing strikes you at all, so nothing needs to be resisted."
  },
  {
   "key": "khum_khrong",
   "term": "คุ้มครอง",
   "roman": "khum khrong",
   "en": "general protection, watching over",
   "definition": "Unspecified guardianship. **A holding pen, not a category** — when a source says only คุ้มครอง it usually has not said which of the specific functions above it means. Treat its presence as a gap to close, not an answer."
  },
  {
   "key": "khong_kraphan",
   "term": "คงกระพัน",
   "roman": "khong kraphan",
   "en": "invulnerability to blades",
   "definition": "The body cannot be cut or pierced. Classically paired with ชาตรี in the martial compound คงกระพันชาตรี. Says nothing about firearms — that is มหาอุด."
  }
 ],
 "material_terms": [
  {
   "key": "nuea_waan",
   "term": "เนื้อว่าน",
   "roman": "nuea waan",
   "en": "sacred-herb paste",
   "definition": "Paste of ว่าน — the sacred tubers and herbs gathered under prescribed conditions. Northern practice is particularly rich here. Ages by drying and shrinking rather than by patina. The manuscripts carry ว่าน heavily — คาถาเสกว่าน, formulae for consecrating the herb — so this term joins the two corpora directly, once the กว่าน collision is excluded."
  },
  {
   "key": "nuea_loha",
   "term": "เนื้อโลหะ",
   "roman": "nuea loha",
   "en": "metal (unspecified)",
   "definition": "Metal, unspecified. Common in listings precisely because it commits to nothing. Recorded as its own term rather than resolved, because the vagueness is itself the datum — a seller who can name the alloy usually does."
  },
  {
   "key": "thonglueang",
   "term": "ทองเหลือง",
   "roman": "thonglueang",
   "en": "brass",
   "definition": "Brass. The most-named metal in the corpus by a wide margin — the everyday material of altar goods, pendant frames and mass issues. High occurrence here reflects volume at the low end of the market, not regard."
  },
  {
   "key": "samrit",
   "term": "สัมฤทธิ์",
   "roman": "samrit",
   "en": "bronze",
   "definition": "Bronze. The body of most พระบูชา (altar images) as distinct from the small worn amulet. Spelled both สัมฤทธิ์ and สำริด in the market."
  },
  {
   "key": "ngoen",
   "term": "เนื้อเงิน",
   "roman": "nuea ngoen",
   "en": "silver",
   "definition": "Silver. Usually the middle tier of a struck issue — a รุ่น commonly runs ทองแดง, เงิน, ทองคำ from the same die, in descending quantity and ascending regard."
  }
 ],
 "region_terms": [
  {
   "key": "th-south",
   "th": "ภาคใต้",
   "en": "Southern Thailand"
  },
  {
   "key": "th",
   "th": "ทั่วประเทศไทย",
   "en": "Thailand, not regionally specific"
  }
 ],
 "market_stats": {
  "listings": 350,
  "priced": 350,
  "median_thb": 99.0,
  "typical_thb": [
   39.0,
   300.0
  ],
  "source": "s:catalog-db",
  "tier": "catalogue",
  "note": "title matches only; delete-then-test excludes applied"
 },
 "primary_image": {
  "file": "luang-pu-thuat/luang-pu-thuat-luang-phor-thuad-2497-d05eaf.png",
  "source": "commons",
  "title": "File:Luang Phor Thuad 2497.png",
  "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Luang_Phor_Thuad_2497.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
  "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=124458460",
  "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
  "author": "Somdej.watrakang",
  "credit": "Own work",
  "view": "other",
  "alt_th": "หลวงปู่ทวด",
  "alt_en": "Luang Pu Thuat amulet — Luang Phor Thuad 2497",
  "sha256": "e5eb63d6b499da1103ab64ddd06a6a21ca5316a76d0b07a9f3c1422fb8657981",
  "width": 1919,
  "height": 927,
  "primary": true
 },
 "tier_labels": {
  "en": {
   "catalogue": "Catalogue — checkable against the corpus (catalog.db, a transcribed treatise)",
   "cited": "Cited — a named external source, linked",
   "tradition": "Tradition — general knowledge of the wider tradition, hedged",
   "inference": "Inference — this project's own reasoning from the above",
   "field": "Field — someone stood there"
  },
  "th": {
   "catalogue": "จากคลัง",
   "cited": "อ้างอิงแหล่ง",
   "tradition": "ตามประเพณี",
   "inference": "อนุมาน",
   "field": "พบเห็นเอง"
  }
 }
}