{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "kuan-im",
 "level": "kind",
 "parent": null,
 "names": {
  "th": "เจ้าแม่กวนอิม",
  "roman": "kuan im",
  "en": "Guanyin pendant",
  "aliases": {
   "th": [
    "กวนอิม",
    "พระโพธิสัตว์กวนอิม",
    "พระอวโลกิเตศวร"
   ],
   "roman": [
    "kuan yin",
    "guan yin",
    "chao mae kuan im"
   ],
   "en": [
    "Kuan Yin",
    "Avalokitesvara",
    "Goddess of Mercy"
   ]
  },
  "other_scripts": {
   "zh": "觀音"
  }
 },
 "region": [
  "th",
  "diaspora"
 ],
 "axes": {
  "class": "thep_thewada",
  "functions": [
   "metta_maha_niyom",
   "khum_khrong",
   "khlaeo_khlat"
  ],
  "materials": [
   "nuea_loha",
   "nuea_phong",
   "ngoen"
  ],
  "figures": [
   "deity"
  ]
 },
 "form": {
  "type": "figure",
  "shape_th": "จี้หยกหรือหินแกะ รูปหล่อ หรือเหรียญ องค์หญิงชุดขาวยืนหรือนั่ง",
  "shape_en": "Carved jade or stone pendant, cast figure, or medallion: a white-robed female figure standing or seated on a lotus",
  "size_mm": null,
  "wearable_th": "ห้อยคอด้วยเชือกหรือสร้อย นิยมหยกในหมู่คนไทยเชื้อสายจีน",
  "wearable_en": "Worn at the neck on a cord or chain; jade is the classic body among Thai-Chinese families and is not on the material axis",
  "obverse_th": "กวนอิมถือแจกันน้ำทิพย์และกิ่งหลิว หรือปางพันกร",
  "obverse_en": "Guanyin holding the vase of pure water and a willow branch; or the thousand-armed form",
  "reverse_th": "เรียบ หรือยันต์ หรืออักษรจีน",
  "reverse_en": "Plain, a yantra, or Chinese characters",
  "notes_en": "Jade, the commonest pendant body, has no key in materials.md; the material axis lists metal and powder forms only."
 },
 "iconography": [
  {
   "th": "ชุดขาว",
   "en": "white robe"
  },
  {
   "th": "แจกันน้ำทิพย์ กิ่งหลิว",
   "en": "vase of pure water, willow branch"
  },
  {
   "th": "ดอกบัว",
   "en": "lotus seat"
  },
  {
   "th": "ปางพันกร",
   "en": "thousand-armed form"
  }
 ],
 "origin": {
  "wat_slug": null,
  "wat_th": "",
  "wat_en": "",
  "maker_th": "ศาลเจ้าจีนและวัดพุทธหลายแห่ง",
  "maker_en": "Chinese shrines and Buddhist wats alike; no single maker",
  "era_th": "",
  "era_en": "Avalokitesvara became female in East Asia by about the twelfth century; the Thai cult is Thai-Chinese and Mahayana in origin",
  "place_th": "ชุมชนไทยเชื้อสายจีน เยาวราชและทั่วประเทศ",
  "place_en": "Thai-Chinese communities, Yaowarat and nationwide",
  "first_attested": ""
 },
 "diagnostics": [
  {
   "th": "รูปหญิงชุดขาว ถือแจกันและกิ่งหลิว — ไม่ใช่นางกวัก ไม่ใช่พระพุทธรูป",
   "en": "A white-robed woman with vase and willow: not a beckoning Nang Kwak, not a Buddha",
   "source": "s:en-wiki-guanyin",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "th": "ปางพันกร: แขนแผ่เป็นวงรอบองค์",
   "en": "Thousand-armed form reads as a fan of arms round the figure",
   "source": "s:en-wiki-guanyin",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "th": "จี้หยกแกะ: เย็นในมือ โปร่งแสงที่ขอบ ไม่ใช่วัตถุปลุกเสกในความหมายพระเครื่องเสมอไป",
   "en": "Carved jade pendants are cool in the hand and translucent at the edge; many are never consecrated at a wat at all, which is a class note, not a flaw",
   "source": "s:tradition",
   "tier": "tradition"
  },
  {
   "th": "ผู้บูชามักถือศีลกินเจ งดเนื้อวัว",
   "en": "Devotees commonly keep vegetarian days and abstain from beef; a keeper asking about diet is a tell for the cult, not the object",
   "source": "s:th-wiki-kuan-im",
   "tier": "cited"
  }
 ],
 "confusable_with": [
  {
   "id": "nang-kwak",
   "tell_th": "นางกวักนั่งพับเพียบยกมือกวัก แต่งไทย · กวนอิมชุดขาวถือแจกัน",
   "tell_en": "Nang Kwak kneels in Thai dress with one hand beckoning; Guanyin stands or sits in a white robe with a vase. Both deva-tier."
  },
  {
   "id": "phra-phrom",
   "tell_th": "พระพรหมสี่หน้า · กวนอิมหน้าเดียว รูปหญิง",
   "tell_en": "Brahma has four faces; Guanyin one, and female"
  },
  {
   "id": "phra-siwali",
   "tell_th": "พระสีวลีเป็นพระภิกษุถือกลดและบาตร",
   "tell_en": "Sivali is a monk with umbrella and bowl, class phra_khrueang; Guanyin is a bodhisattva in lay white"
  }
 ],
 "market": {
  "search": [
   "กวนอิม"
  ],
  "excludes": [],
  "tier": "both"
 },
 "media": {
  "commons_categories": [],
  "commons_files": [
   "File:Thousand-Armed Guanyin 1.jpg",
   "File:เจ้าแม่กวนอิมหยกขาว White Jade Kwannon.jpg",
   "File:เจ้าแม่กวนอิม วัดพระแก้ว Kwannon at Wat Phra Kaew.jpg",
   "File:Yaowarat Guanyin Shrine - 2017-05-12 (013).jpg",
   "File:Guanyin - Wat Kok Mai Daeng.jpg"
  ],
  "wanted_en": "The thousand-armed carved-stone pendant is the one free photo of the object itself; the rest are Thai shrine statues. Needed: a plain jade Guanyin pendant front and back, and a Thai wat-issued Guanyin medallion."
 },
 "text": {
  "what_th": "จี้หรือรูปเจ้าแม่กวนอิม พระโพธิสัตว์อวโลกิเตศวรในร่างหญิงชุดขาว เทพแห่งความเมตตาของคนไทยเชื้อสายจีน นิยมทำเป็นหยกแกะ",
  "what_en": "A pendant or small image of Guanyin, Avalokitesvara in her white-robed female form, the compassion figure of Thai-Chinese households. The classic body is carved jade, worn on a cord.",
  "story_th": "อวโลกิเตศวรเป็นชายในอินเดีย กลายเป็นหญิงในจีนและรวมกับตำนานเจ้าหญิงเมี่ยวซ่าน คนไทยเชื้อสายจีนบูชาเป็นเจ้าแม่ ถือศีลกินเจ งดเนื้อวัว มีองค์ใหญ่ที่วัดยานนาวาและวัดห้วยปลากั้ง คนพกจี้หยกกันมาก่อนจะมีเหรียญวัดออกตาม",
  "story_en": "Avalokitesvara was male in India and became female in China, merged with the legend of Princess Miaoshan. Thai-Chinese families venerate her as Chao Mae, keep vegetarian days and skip beef; big images stand at Wat Yannawa and Wat Huai Pla Kang. Jade pendants were worn long before Thai wats began issuing Guanyin medallions.",
  "keeping_th": "บูชาด้วยดอกไม้ น้ำ และการถือศีล ไม่ต้องเลี้ยง ไม่ใช่ผี",
  "keeping_en": "Kept by veneration: flowers, water, precepts kept on her days. Not fed, not a ghost. The vault class is deva-tier though she is a bodhisattva; the keeping is the same."
 },
 "sources": [
  "s:th-wiki-kuan-im",
  "s:en-wiki-guanyin",
  "s:vault-classes",
  "s:tradition"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "tradition",
   "source": "s:tradition"
  },
  "fields": {
   "iconography": {
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:en-wiki-guanyin"
   },
   "text.story_en": {
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:th-wiki-kuan-im",
    "note": "with s:en-wiki-guanyin; the last sentence is tradition"
   },
   "axes.class": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:vault-classes",
    "note": "bodhisattva placed in the deva-tier class because the keeping matches; a knower may split it"
   },
   "market": {
    "tier": "inference"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "medium",
 "needs_verification": true,
 "updated": "2026-09-02",
 "images": [
  {
   "file": "kuan-im/kuan-im-thousand-armed-guanyin-1-dc0940.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Thousand-Armed Guanyin 1.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Thousand-Armed_Guanyin_1.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=66414619",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
   "author": "Thayne Tuason",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "เจ้าแม่กวนอิม",
   "alt_en": "Guanyin pendant — Thousand-Armed Guanyin pendant, carved and dyed stone. 33mm width, 40mm length, 8mm tall",
   "sha256": "f2e8e7485942b816fd10f98df199f3e1f64f4c06bfd0aec7ded93b9780e87880",
   "width": 2173,
   "height": 2589,
   "primary": true
  },
  {
   "file": "kuan-im/kuan-im-white-jade-kwannon-c34d83.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:เจ้าแม่กวนอิมหยกขาว White Jade Kwannon.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7_White_Jade_Kwannon.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35525150",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0",
   "author": "กสิณธร ราชโอรส",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "เจ้าแม่กวนอิม",
   "alt_en": "Guanyin pendant — This is a photo of a monument in Thailand identified by the ID",
   "sha256": "c8cd073818d3d4aa4a8b9fb33fa2ab919229837bcd30a7c9711d9cc1f86bb696",
   "width": 720,
   "height": 960
  },
  {
   "file": "kuan-im/kuan-im-kwannon-at-wat-phra-kaew-c70538.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:เจ้าแม่กวนอิม วัดพระแก้ว Kwannon at Wat Phra Kaew.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7_Kwannon_at_Wat_Phra_Kaew.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35535268",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0",
   "author": "กสิณธร ราชโอรส",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "เจ้าแม่กวนอิม",
   "alt_en": "Guanyin pendant — This is a photo of a monument in Thailand identified by the ID",
   "sha256": "26286243c73b98a2635c11b6d828d0d9f1221ffc71cdaecf9eb48b0ab8215ef4",
   "width": 3216,
   "height": 4288
  },
  {
   "file": "kuan-im/kuan-im-yaowarat-guanyin-shrine-2017-05-12-013-fc1979.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Yaowarat Guanyin Shrine - 2017-05-12 (013).jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Yaowarat_Guanyin_Shrine_-_2017-05-12_%28013%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=58877333",
   "license": "CC0",
   "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en",
   "author": "Iudexvivorum",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "เจ้าแม่กวนอิม",
   "alt_en": "Guanyin pendant — Guanyin Shrine and Thian Fa Foundation Office, Samphanthawong District, Bangkok, Thailand.",
   "sha256": "da9951ef36d1efac21dd90830c0d66585d7eff1283887f760c4435b7adb6b735",
   "width": 3024,
   "height": 4032
  },
  {
   "file": "kuan-im/kuan-im-guanyin-wat-kok-mai-daeng-94b1af.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Guanyin - Wat Kok Mai Daeng.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Guanyin_-_Wat_Kok_Mai_Daeng.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=142261065",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
   "author": "SietsL",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "เจ้าแม่กวนอิม",
   "alt_en": "Guanyin pendant — Statue Guanyin of Wat Kok Mai Daeng, Ding Thong subdistrict, Wang Thong district, Phitsanulok province",
   "sha256": "5a574302e4d3951c9d599a8acfbcac26c8fa42487c40bef917bb09fdca3cd478",
   "width": 2898,
   "height": 3864
  }
 ],
 "class_facts": {
  "key": "thep_thewada",
  "term": "เทพ / เทวดา",
  "roman": "thep / thewada",
  "en_gloss": "deva-tier resident",
  "resident": "deva",
  "upkeep": "veneration",
  "provenance_sensitivity": "medium",
  "definition": "A celestial or Hindu-derived being is venerated through the object — Thao Wessuwan, Garuda (พญาครุฑ), Rahu, arguably Nang Kwak. Receives offerings and respect but is not a raised ghost; the relationship is closer to worship than to parenting. The \"cleanest\" spirit-bearing tier.",
  "confidence": "high"
 },
 "function_terms": [
  {
   "key": "metta_maha_niyom",
   "term": "เมตตามหานิยม",
   "roman": "metta maha niyom",
   "en": "loving-kindness and wide popularity",
   "definition": "Broad social favour — people are well-disposed, superiors are lenient, customers return. Built on เมตตา, the Buddhist virtue, and respectable to carry and to sell."
  },
  {
   "key": "khum_khrong",
   "term": "คุ้มครอง",
   "roman": "khum khrong",
   "en": "general protection, watching over",
   "definition": "Unspecified guardianship. **A holding pen, not a category** — when a source says only คุ้มครอง it usually has not said which of the specific functions above it means. Treat its presence as a gap to close, not an answer."
  },
  {
   "key": "khlaeo_khlat",
   "term": "แคล้วคลาด",
   "roman": "khlaeo khlat",
   "en": "evasion, narrow escape",
   "definition": "Harm passes by — the accident happens to the next vehicle, the bullet goes wide, you left the building early. Distinct in kind from คงกระพัน: nothing strikes you at all, so nothing needs to be resisted."
  }
 ],
 "material_terms": [
  {
   "key": "nuea_loha",
   "term": "เนื้อโลหะ",
   "roman": "nuea loha",
   "en": "metal (unspecified)",
   "definition": "Metal, unspecified. Common in listings precisely because it commits to nothing. Recorded as its own term rather than resolved, because the vagueness is itself the datum — a seller who can name the alloy usually does."
  },
  {
   "key": "nuea_phong",
   "term": "เนื้อผง",
   "roman": "nuea phong",
   "en": "sacred-powder paste",
   "definition": "Consecrated powder bound with a binder (traditionally banana sap, lime, oil) and pressed. The material of the พระสมเด็จ and of most temple issues since. Because the recipe is reproducible and the mould is copyable, this is the most heavily reproduced material in the trade — which is precisely why the reference literature on it is the deepest."
  },
  {
   "key": "ngoen",
   "term": "เนื้อเงิน",
   "roman": "nuea ngoen",
   "en": "silver",
   "definition": "Silver. Usually the middle tier of a struck issue — a รุ่น commonly runs ทองแดง, เงิน, ทองคำ from the same die, in descending quantity and ascending regard."
  }
 ],
 "region_terms": [
  {
   "key": "th",
   "th": "ทั่วประเทศไทย",
   "en": "Thailand, not regionally specific"
  },
  {
   "key": "diaspora",
   "th": "ชุมชนไทยโพ้นทะเล",
   "en": "Overseas Thai / Chinese-Thai collector communities"
  }
 ],
 "market_stats": {
  "listings": 9,
  "priced": 9,
  "median_thb": 129.0,
  "typical_thb": [
   34.0,
   399.0
  ],
  "source": "s:catalog-db",
  "tier": "catalogue",
  "note": "title matches only; delete-then-test excludes applied"
 },
 "primary_image": {
  "file": "kuan-im/kuan-im-thousand-armed-guanyin-1-dc0940.jpg",
  "source": "commons",
  "title": "File:Thousand-Armed Guanyin 1.jpg",
  "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Thousand-Armed_Guanyin_1.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
  "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=66414619",
  "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
  "author": "Thayne Tuason",
  "credit": "Own work",
  "view": "other",
  "alt_th": "เจ้าแม่กวนอิม",
  "alt_en": "Guanyin pendant — Thousand-Armed Guanyin pendant, carved and dyed stone. 33mm width, 40mm length, 8mm tall",
  "sha256": "f2e8e7485942b816fd10f98df199f3e1f64f4c06bfd0aec7ded93b9780e87880",
  "width": 2173,
  "height": 2589,
  "primary": true
 },
 "tier_labels": {
  "en": {
   "catalogue": "Catalogue — checkable against the corpus (catalog.db, a transcribed treatise)",
   "cited": "Cited — a named external source, linked",
   "tradition": "Tradition — general knowledge of the wider tradition, hedged",
   "inference": "Inference — this project's own reasoning from the above",
   "field": "Field — someone stood there"
  },
  "th": {
   "catalogue": "จากคลัง",
   "cited": "อ้างอิงแหล่ง",
   "tradition": "ตามประเพณี",
   "inference": "อนุมาน",
   "field": "พบเห็นเอง"
  }
 }
}