{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "khun-phaen",
 "level": "kind",
 "parent": null,
 "names": {
  "th": "ขุนแผน",
  "roman": "khun phaen",
  "en": "Khun Phaen tablet",
  "aliases": {
   "th": [
    "พระขุนแผน",
    "ขุนแผนพลายกุมาร"
   ],
   "roman": [
    "khun paen",
    "khun pan",
    "khun phaen phlai kuman"
   ],
   "en": [
    "Khun Paen amulet"
   ]
  }
 },
 "region": [
  "th-central"
 ],
 "axes": {
  "class": "phra_khrueang",
  "functions": [
   "maha_saneh",
   "metta_maha_niyom",
   "khlaeo_khlat"
  ],
  "materials": [
   "nuea_phong",
   "nuea_din"
  ],
  "figures": [
   "buddha"
  ]
 },
 "form": {
  "type": "tablet",
  "shape_th": "พระพิมพ์ทรงห้าเหลี่ยม องค์พระประทับนั่งในซุ้มเรือนแก้ว",
  "shape_en": "A pressed tablet, typically five-sided, with a seated Buddha inside a ruean kaeo arch",
  "size_mm": null,
  "wearable_th": "ห้อยคอในตลับ",
  "wearable_en": "Worn cased at the neck",
  "obverse_th": "องค์พระนั่งสมาธิหรือมารวิชัยในซุ้มเรือนแก้ว บางพิมพ์มีรูปกุมารประกอบ",
  "obverse_en": "A Buddha in meditation or maravijaya inside the arch; some moulds add a kuman figure",
  "reverse_th": "เรียบ หรือฝังตะกรุด หรือมีรอยจาร",
  "reverse_en": "Plain, or with an embedded takrut or hand-incised yantra",
  "notes_en": "The vault measured the seam: of 389 listings naming กุมาร, 106 are ขุนแผน. Buddha-amulet form; upkeep is an amulet's, the provenance question depends on the making. The hybrid is measured, not forced."
 },
 "iconography": [
  {
   "th": "องค์พระในซุ้มเรือนแก้ว",
   "en": "a Buddha inside a ruean kaeo (jewelled-house) arch"
  },
  {
   "th": "รูปกุมารเล็กข้างองค์พระ (บางพิมพ์)",
   "en": "a small kuman beside or below the Buddha (some moulds)"
  }
 ],
 "origin": {
  "wat_slug": null,
  "wat_th": "",
  "wat_en": "",
  "maker_th": "ตั้งชื่อตามขุนแผน ตัวเอกเสภาขุนช้างขุนแผน; สายที่วงการยกให้: หลวงพ่อกวย วัดโฆสิตาราม ชัยนาท (พลายกุมาร) และหลวงปู่ทิม วัดละหารไร่",
  "maker_en": "Named for Khun Phaen, the epic's charm-master. The reference cards single out Luang Pho Kuai of Wat Khositaram, Chainat (Khun Phaen Phlai Kuman) and Luang Pu Thim of Wat Lahan Rai as the trade's benchmark lines",
  "era_th": "เสภาพิมพ์ครั้งแรก พ.ศ. ๒๔๑๕; พระพิมพ์ทรงนี้วงการถือว่ามีกรุสมัยอยุธยา (สุพรรณบุรี) ก่อนชื่อจะติด",
  "era_en": "Epic first printed 1872; the trade holds that the tablet form predates the name, from Ayutthaya-period caches in the Suphanburi area — unverified here",
  "place_th": "สุพรรณบุรี · ชัยนาท · ระยอง (ตามสาย)",
  "place_en": "Suphanburi, Chainat, Rayong by line",
  "first_attested": ""
 },
 "diagnostics": [
  {
   "th": "ซุ้มเรือนแก้วทรงห้าเหลี่ยม ไม่ใช่ซุ้มครอบแก้วสี่เหลี่ยมของพระสมเด็จ",
   "en": "A five-sided ruean kaeo arch, not the straight-edged rectangle and bell-glass arch of a somdet",
   "source": "s:amulet-reference",
   "tier": "tradition"
  },
  {
   "th": "บางพิมพ์มีรูปกุมารร่วมกับองค์พระ",
   "en": "Some moulds show a kuman figure with the Buddha — the epic's Golden Child on the tablet",
   "source": "s:en-wiki-thai-amulet",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "th": "เนื้อผงหรือเนื้อดิน; มวลสารที่ผสมมักไม่แสดงบนผิว บางองค์มีก้อนบรรจุด้านหลัง",
   "en": "Powder or fired-clay body; the trade looks for a distinct-coloured plug at the back or flecks in the body, but what went in does not reliably show on the surface",
   "source": "s:holding-key",
   "tier": "catalogue"
  },
  {
   "th": "ด้านหลังมักฝังตะกรุดหรือจารมือ",
   "en": "Reverse often carries an embedded takrut or a hand-incised yantra",
   "source": "s:tradition",
   "tier": "tradition"
  },
  {
   "th": "ชื่อรุ่นบอกมวลสาร: คำในชื่อรุ่นคือคำประกาศของผู้ขายว่าใส่อะไรลงไป อ่านชื่อก่อนดูผิว",
   "en": "The line name declares the material: the words in the title are the seller's own statement of what went in. Read the name before the surface",
   "source": "s:vault-classes",
   "tier": "catalogue"
  }
 ],
 "confusable_with": [
  {
   "id": "phra-somdet",
   "tell_th": "พระสมเด็จสี่เหลี่ยม ซุ้มครอบแก้ว เนื้อขาว · ขุนแผนห้าเหลี่ยม ซุ้มเรือนแก้ว",
   "tell_en": "A somdet is a straight-edged rectangle with a bell-glass arch and a white body; a khun phaen is five-sided with a ruean kaeo arch. Same class by form, different provenance question."
  },
  {
   "id": "kuman-thong",
   "tell_th": "กุมารทองเป็นรูปเด็กที่ต้องเลี้ยง · ขุนแผนเป็นพระพิมพ์ที่บูชาอย่างพระเครื่อง",
   "tell_en": "A kuman thong is a child figure you feed; a khun phaen is a Buddha tablet kept like any amulet. The scanner tags both 'kuman' because the word is present; the class is not the same."
  },
  {
   "id": "phra-phong-suphan",
   "tell_th": "ผงสุพรรณเป็นพระกรุเนื้อดินทรงสามเหลี่ยม ไม่มีซุ้มเรือนแก้ว",
   "tell_en": "Phra Phong Suphan is a triangular fired-clay cache tablet without the ruean kaeo arch; both are Suphanburi names, which is the confusion"
  },
  {
   "id": "phra-kru",
   "tell_th": "พระกรุขุนแผนเป็นของกรุเก่าเนื้อดิน · ขุนแผนวัดสร้างใหม่เนื้อผง มวลสารต่างกัน",
   "tell_en": "A cache-find khun phaen is old fired clay with nobody home; a modern temple khun phaen is powder with its own material story — the name is shared, the material story is not"
  }
 ],
 "market": {
  "search": [
   "ขุนแผน"
  ],
  "excludes": [],
  "tier": "both"
 },
 "media": {
  "commons_categories": [],
  "commons_files": [
   "File:Khun Paen Wat Bang Krang.png",
   "File:Luang Phor Suang Khun Paen.png"
  ],
  "wanted_en": "Obverse straight on showing the arch, and a reverse showing the powder plug or takrut. The two Commons files give the obverse of a Wat Bang Krang piece and a Luang Phor Suang piece; no reverse yet."
 },
 "images": [
  {
   "file": "khun-phaen/khun-phaen-khun-paen-wat-bang-krang-dd5c5d.png",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Khun Paen Wat Bang Krang.png",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Khun_Paen_Wat_Bang_Krang.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=99829395",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
   "author": "Somdej.watrakang",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "ขุนแผน",
   "alt_en": "Khun Phaen tablet — Khun Paen Wat Bang Krang. Buddhist amulets from Thailand.",
   "sha256": "17f9386728e454c3d7aef3080f735f4e712029d167b3b561103935a0eb6e1a07",
   "width": 1470,
   "height": 911,
   "primary": true
  },
  {
   "file": "khun-phaen/khun-phaen-luang-phor-suang-khun-paen-0fa54b.png",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Luang Phor Suang Khun Paen.png",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Luang_Phor_Suang_Khun_Paen.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=99853135",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
   "author": "Somdej.watrakang",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "ขุนแผน",
   "alt_en": "Khun Phaen tablet — Luang Phor Suang Khun Paen with tiny Relics",
   "sha256": "d512b7fcc15c598fb79a105e145746fbc0897a4c813868e6da99ab9f1e9174c4",
   "width": 1473,
   "height": 922
  }
 ],
 "text": {
  "what_th": "พระพิมพ์ในซุ้มเรือนแก้ว ตั้งชื่อตามขุนแผนผู้เชี่ยวชาญวิชาในเสภา — พระเครื่ององค์เดียวที่เรื่องมวลสารสำคัญเท่ากับพิมพ์ทรง บางองค์เป็นผงล้วน บางองค์ผสมมวลสารอื่น และผิวไม่บอก",
  "what_en": "A pressed tablet in the classic arch — named for the epic's charm-master, and the one amulet whose material story matters as much as its form. Some are pure powder; some are worked with other material, and the difference does not show on the surface.",
  "story_th": "ขุนแผนในเสภาเป็นผู้เชี่ยวชาญยันต์ คาถา และเลี้ยงกุมารทองจากลูกในครรภ์นางบัวคลี่ พระพิมพ์ที่ใช้ชื่อเขาจึงถูกสร้างเป็นพระเครื่องเสน่ห์ บางสายระบุว่าเนื้อมีมวลสาร 'พรายกุมาร' — นี่คือตะเข็บระหว่างหมวด คลังนับได้: ในรายการที่กล่าวถึงกุมาร ๓๘๙ รายการ เป็นขุนแผน ๑๐๖ รายการ ตะเข็บนี้วัดมา ไม่ได้บังคับ",
  "story_en": "Khun Phaen in the epic is the master of yantra and katha who raises a kuman thong from his own stillborn son; the tablet that borrows his name is made as a charm of attraction, and some lines state that 'prai kuman' material went into the body — that single fact is the seam between classes. The vault counted the seam rather than deciding it: of 389 listings naming กุมาร, 106 are ขุนแผน. The reference cards name Luang Pho Kuai's Khun Phaen Phlai Kuman as the trade's benchmark line. The hybrid is measured, not forced; a future class that splits form from material would resolve it, and this record does not pre-empt that.",
  "keeping_th": "บูชาอย่างพระเครื่อง ไม่ต้องเลี้ยง — แต่ถามว่าอะไรอยู่ในเนื้อ เพราะความไวต่อประวัติอยู่ระดับกลางถึงสูงตามมวลสาร",
  "keeping_en": "Kept as an amulet: nobody to feed. But ask what went into the batch — the vault rates its provenance sensitivity medium to high because of the material, even though its upkeep is an amulet's."
 },
 "sources": [
  "s:holding-key",
  "s:vault-classes",
  "s:en-wiki-khun-chang-khun-phaen",
  "s:en-wiki-thai-amulet",
  "s:amulet-reference",
  "s:commons-amulets-th",
  "s:tradition"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "tradition",
   "source": "s:tradition"
  },
  "fields": {
   "axes": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:vault-classes"
   },
   "text.what_en": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:holding-key"
   },
   "text.story_en": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:vault-classes",
    "note": "389/106 count from classes.md fuzzy-edges section; epic: s:en-wiki-khun-chang-khun-phaen; benchmark line: s:amulet-reference card A·04"
   },
   "text.keeping_en": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:vault-classes"
   },
   "form.notes_en": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:vault-classes"
   },
   "origin.maker_en": {
    "tier": "tradition",
    "source": "s:amulet-reference"
   },
   "origin.era_en": {
    "tier": "tradition",
    "source": "s:tradition",
    "note": "Ayutthaya cache origin is trade lore; no cache or date named"
   },
   "market": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:holding-key"
   },
   "media": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:commons-amulets-th"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "medium",
 "needs_verification": true,
 "updated": "2026-09-02",
 "class_facts": {
  "key": "phra_khrueang",
  "term": "พระเครื่อง",
  "roman": "phra khrueang",
  "en_gloss": "Buddhist amulet",
  "resident": "none",
  "upkeep": "none",
  "provenance_sensitivity": "low",
  "definition": "A votive Buddha image or famous-monk amulet. Power = the barami of the maker plus the consecration (ปลุกเสก). No occupant. Its provenance question is purely one of authenticity and market value, never of spiritual safety.",
  "confidence": "high"
 },
 "function_terms": [
  {
   "key": "maha_saneh",
   "term": "มหาเสน่ห์",
   "roman": "maha saneh",
   "en": "powerful attraction, allure",
   "definition": "Personal and frequently erotic attraction, directed at a particular person rather than at a room. Overlaps the love-wax (สีผึ้ง) and น้ำมันพราย material tradition."
  },
  {
   "key": "metta_maha_niyom",
   "term": "เมตตามหานิยม",
   "roman": "metta maha niyom",
   "en": "loving-kindness and wide popularity",
   "definition": "Broad social favour — people are well-disposed, superiors are lenient, customers return. Built on เมตตา, the Buddhist virtue, and respectable to carry and to sell."
  },
  {
   "key": "khlaeo_khlat",
   "term": "แคล้วคลาด",
   "roman": "khlaeo khlat",
   "en": "evasion, narrow escape",
   "definition": "Harm passes by — the accident happens to the next vehicle, the bullet goes wide, you left the building early. Distinct in kind from คงกระพัน: nothing strikes you at all, so nothing needs to be resisted."
  }
 ],
 "material_terms": [
  {
   "key": "nuea_phong",
   "term": "เนื้อผง",
   "roman": "nuea phong",
   "en": "sacred-powder paste",
   "definition": "Consecrated powder bound with a binder (traditionally banana sap, lime, oil) and pressed. The material of the พระสมเด็จ and of most temple issues since. Because the recipe is reproducible and the mould is copyable, this is the most heavily reproduced material in the trade — which is precisely why the reference literature on it is the deepest."
  },
  {
   "key": "nuea_din",
   "term": "เนื้อดิน",
   "roman": "nuea din",
   "en": "clay body",
   "definition": "Clay pressed in a mould and fired. The body of พระรอด, พระนางพญา and พระผงสุพรรณ — the last of which is named ผง but is fired earth, a naming trap worth knowing. Fire colour ranges widely within a single kiln load, so colour alone settles nothing."
  }
 ],
 "region_terms": [
  {
   "key": "th-central",
   "th": "ภาคกลาง",
   "en": "Central Thailand (Bangkok, Ayutthaya basin)"
  }
 ],
 "market_stats": {
  "listings": 314,
  "priced": 314,
  "median_thb": 168.5,
  "typical_thb": [
   66.86,
   480.0
  ],
  "source": "s:catalog-db",
  "tier": "catalogue",
  "note": "title matches only; delete-then-test excludes applied"
 },
 "primary_image": {
  "file": "khun-phaen/khun-phaen-khun-paen-wat-bang-krang-dd5c5d.png",
  "source": "commons",
  "title": "File:Khun Paen Wat Bang Krang.png",
  "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Khun_Paen_Wat_Bang_Krang.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
  "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=99829395",
  "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
  "author": "Somdej.watrakang",
  "credit": "Own work",
  "view": "other",
  "alt_th": "ขุนแผน",
  "alt_en": "Khun Phaen tablet — Khun Paen Wat Bang Krang. Buddhist amulets from Thailand.",
  "sha256": "17f9386728e454c3d7aef3080f735f4e712029d167b3b561103935a0eb6e1a07",
  "width": 1470,
  "height": 911,
  "primary": true
 },
 "tier_labels": {
  "en": {
   "catalogue": "Catalogue — checkable against the corpus (catalog.db, a transcribed treatise)",
   "cited": "Cited — a named external source, linked",
   "tradition": "Tradition — general knowledge of the wider tradition, hedged",
   "inference": "Inference — this project's own reasoning from the above",
   "field": "Field — someone stood there"
  },
  "th": {
   "catalogue": "จากคลัง",
   "cited": "อ้างอิงแหล่ง",
   "tradition": "ตามประเพณี",
   "inference": "อนุมาน",
   "field": "พบเห็นเอง"
  }
 }
}