{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "jatukham",
 "level": "kind",
 "parent": null,
 "names": {
  "th": "จตุคามรามเทพ",
  "roman": "chatukham ramthep",
  "en": "Jatukham Rammathep",
  "aliases": {
   "th": [
    "จตุคาม",
    "องค์จตุคาม",
    "ท้าวจตุคาม ท้าวรามเทพ"
   ],
   "roman": [
    "jatukam ramathep",
    "jatukham",
    "chatukham"
   ],
   "en": [
    "Jatukam Ramathep",
    "the wealth guardian"
   ]
  }
 },
 "region": [
  "th-south"
 ],
 "axes": {
  "class": "thep_thewada",
  "functions": [
   "chok_lap",
   "kha_khai",
   "khum_khrong"
  ],
  "materials": [
   "nuea_phong",
   "nuea_waan",
   "nuea_loha"
  ],
  "figures": [
   "deity"
  ]
 },
 "form": {
  "type": "medallion",
  "shape_th": "เหรียญกลมขนาดใหญ่ ราว ๕ ซม. เนื้อผงว่านหรือโลหะ เทพนั่งกลาง ล้อมด้วยราหู ๘ ตนหรือ ๑๒ นักษัตร",
  "shape_en": "A large round disc, about 5 cm across, in pressed herbal powder or cast metal; a seated deva at the centre ringed by eight Rahu heads or the twelve zodiac animals",
  "size_mm": [
   50,
   50,
   6
  ],
  "wearable_th": "ห้อยคอในกรอบ ขนาดใหญ่กว่าพระเครื่องทั่วไปมาก",
  "wearable_en": "Worn at the neck in a frame, far larger than an ordinary amulet",
  "obverse_th": "เทพสี่กรนั่งสมาธิถืออาวุธ ล้อมด้วยราหู ๘ ตน (รุ่นแรก) หรือนักษัตร",
  "obverse_en": "A four-armed deva seated in meditation holding divine weapons, encircled by eight Rahus (first run) or the zodiac",
  "reverse_th": "หลักเมืองนครศรีธรรมราช",
  "reverse_en": "The Nakhon Si Thammarat city pillar",
  "notes_en": "Nearly a thousand variations were issued in the 2006–07 boom; the disc form and the seated deva are constant, the ring and the reverse vary."
 },
 "iconography": [
  {
   "th": "เทพสี่กร นั่งสมาธิ ถืออาวุธ",
   "en": "four-armed deva seated in meditation with weapons"
  },
  {
   "th": "ราหู ๘ ตนล้อมรอบ",
   "en": "eight Rahu heads around the rim (the 1987 'sun-moon Rahu' type)"
  },
  {
   "th": "๑๒ นักษัตร",
   "en": "the twelve zodiac animals around the rim"
  },
  {
   "th": "หลักเมืองด้านหลัง",
   "en": "city pillar on the reverse"
  }
 ],
 "origin": {
  "wat_slug": null,
  "wat_th": "วัดพระมหาธาตุวรมหาวิหาร นครศรีธรรมราช",
  "wat_en": "Wat Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan, Nakhon Si Thammarat",
  "maker_th": "พล.ต.ต. ขุนพันธรักษ์ราชเดช เป็นผู้มีบทบาทหลักในรุ่นแรก",
  "maker_en": "Pol. Maj. Gen. Khun Phantharak Ratchadet had the central role in the first run",
  "era_th": "รุ่นแรก พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๐ ในพิธีดวงเมือง กระแสสูงสุด พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๙–๒๕๕๐ หลังงานศพขุนพันธ์",
  "era_en": "First run 1987 (BE 2530) at the city-horoscope ceremony; the boom peaked in 2006–07 after Khun Phantharak's cremation",
  "place_th": "นครศรีธรรมราช",
  "place_en": "Nakhon Si Thammarat, southern Thailand",
  "first_attested": "1987 (BE 2530), first run per th.wikipedia and en.wikipedia"
 },
 "diagnostics": [
  {
   "th": "ขนาด — เหรียญกลมราว ๕ ซม. ใหญ่กว่าพระเครื่องทั่วไป",
   "en": "Size: a disc around 5 cm, larger than ordinary amulets; a small Jatukham is a later variant or a locket",
   "source": "s:th-wiki-jatukham",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "th": "เทพนั่งกลาง มีวงล้อม — ราหู ๘ ตน หรือนักษัตร",
   "en": "A seated deva at the centre with a ring: eight Rahus on the first type, zodiac animals on many later ones",
   "source": "s:en-wiki-jatukham",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "th": "หลังเป็นหลักเมือง",
   "en": "City pillar on the reverse",
   "source": "s:th-wiki-jatukham",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "th": "เนื้อผงว่านและโลหะ รุ่นและพิมพ์นับพัน จึงต้องอ่านชื่อรุ่นที่เหรียญ",
   "en": "Herbal powder and metal bodies across nearly a thousand variations, so the run name on the disc carries more than the form",
   "source": "s:en-wiki-jatukham",
   "tier": "cited"
  },
  {
   "th": "ศิลปะศรีวิชัย",
   "en": "Srivijaya-style modelling of the figure",
   "source": "s:en-wiki-jatukham",
   "tier": "cited"
  }
 ],
 "confusable_with": [
  {
   "id": "phra-rahu",
   "tell_th": "ราหูเดี่ยวเป็นหัวอมดวง มักแกะกะลา · จตุคามเป็นเหรียญกลมใหญ่ที่มีราหูเล็ก ๘ ตนล้อมเทพ",
   "tell_en": "A Rahu amulet is one head swallowing a disc, usually in shell; the Jatukham is a big disc where eight small Rahus ring a seated deva."
  },
  {
   "id": "thao-wessuwan",
   "tell_th": "เวสสุวรรณเป็นยักษ์ยืนถือกระบอง · จตุคามเป็นเทพนั่งสี่กรบนเหรียญ",
   "tell_en": "Wessuwan is a standing giant with a club; Jatukham is a seated four-armed deva on a disc."
  },
  {
   "id": "rian-kechi",
   "tell_th": "เหรียญพระเกจิเป็นรูปพระภิกษุ ขนาดเหรียญปกติ · จตุคามเป็นเทพ ขนาดใหญ่",
   "tell_en": "A monk medallion shows a monk at coin size; the Jatukham shows a deva at twice that."
  },
  {
   "id": "luang-pu-thuat",
   "tell_th": "หลวงปู่ทวดเป็นพระภิกษุภาคใต้ · จตุคามเป็นเทพภาคใต้ ทั้งคู่จากนครศรีธรรมราชกับสงขลา",
   "tell_en": "Both are southern; Luang Pu Thuat is a monk in robes, Jatukham a crowned deva."
  }
 ],
 "market": {
  "search": [
   "จตุคาม"
  ],
  "excludes": [],
  "tier": "both"
 },
 "media": {
  "commons_categories": [],
  "commons_files": [],
  "wanted_en": "No free photograph of the amulet on Wikimedia Commons as of 2026-09-02 (searches for Jatukham, Jatukam and จตุคามรามเทพ return the provincial seal and temple views only). Needed: a 1987-type disc obverse and reverse, and a boom-era variant beside it at matched scale"
 },
 "images": [],
 "text": {
  "what_th": "เหรียญกลมใหญ่รูปเทพผู้รักษาวัดพระมหาธาตุ นครศรีธรรมราช — ท้าวจตุคามและท้าวรามเทพ ภายหลังนับเป็นองค์เดียว กระแส พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๐ ทำให้เป็นวัตถุมงคลแห่งชาติชั่วคราว เป็นเทพที่บูชา ไม่ต้องเลี้ยง",
  "what_en": "A large disc bearing the guardian devas of Wat Phra Mahathat, Nakhon Si Thammarat — Thao Jatukham and Thao Rammathep, later read as one being. The 2007 boom made it a national wealth phenomenon for a season; a deva venerated through the object, nothing to feed.",
  "story_th": "จตุคามและรามเทพเป็นเทพผู้รักษาพระบรมธาตุ นครศรีธรรมราช ตำนานว่าเป็นอดีตกษัตริย์ศรีวิชัยผู้บำเพ็ญโพธิสัตว์ รุ่นแรกสร้าง พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๐ ในพิธีดวงเมือง โดยขุนพันธรักษ์ราชเดชมีบทบาทหลัก เป็นพระผงสุริยันจันทรามีราหู ๘ ตนล้อม เมื่อขุนพันธ์ถึงแก่กรรมต้น พ.ศ. ๒๕๕๐ ราคาเหรียญรุ่นแรกจาก ๔๙ บาทพุ่งถึงหลักสิบล้าน มีการสร้างเกือบพันรุ่น เงินหมุนเวียนราว ๒๒,๐๐๐ ล้านบาท เกิดเหตุเบียดเสียดถึงตายและคดีฆ่ากัน แล้วตลาดก็ทรุด",
  "story_en": "Jatukham and Rammathep are the guardian devas of the Great Relic at Nakhon Si Thammarat, held in legend to be a Srivijaya king who became a bodhisattva; the four in the name (จตุ) were once four directional guardians. The first run was pressed in 1987 for the city-horoscope ceremony with the police general Khun Phantharak Ratchadet at its centre: a sun-moon powder disc ringed by eight Rahus. When he was cremated early in 2007 the country bought everything with the name on it — the 49-baht first-run disc was quoted in the tens of millions, nearly a thousand variations were issued, an estimated 22 billion baht changed hands, a woman died in a crush at a temple release, and there were killings over pieces. Then it cooled, which is the part of the story a buyer should know.",
  "keeping_th": "เทพสถิตในความหมายของการบูชา ถวายความเคารพและเครื่องสักการะ ไม่เลี้ยง วางลงได้ คำถามเรื่องประวัติคือรุ่นและราคา",
  "keeping_en": "Deva tier: veneration, not feeding; can be set down. Its provenance question is which run and what it cost, not who kept it."
 },
 "sources": [
  "s:holding-key",
  "s:vault-classes",
  "s:en-wiki-jatukham",
  "s:th-wiki-jatukham",
  "s:amulet-reference",
  "s:tradition"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "cited",
   "source": "s:en-wiki-jatukham"
  },
  "fields": {
   "axes": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:vault-classes"
   },
   "text.what_en": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "holding_key carries no jatukham entry; written from s:en-wiki-jatukham + s:amulet-reference A·05"
   },
   "text.keeping_en": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:vault-classes"
   },
   "form.size_mm": {
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:th-wiki-jatukham",
    "note": "about 5 cm diameter; depth inferred"
   },
   "origin": {
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:th-wiki-jatukham"
   },
   "market": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "note": "search term chosen here; not in holding_key"
   },
   "names.aliases": {
    "tier": "tradition",
    "source": "s:tradition"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "high",
 "needs_verification": false,
 "updated": "2026-09-02",
 "class_facts": {
  "key": "thep_thewada",
  "term": "เทพ / เทวดา",
  "roman": "thep / thewada",
  "en_gloss": "deva-tier resident",
  "resident": "deva",
  "upkeep": "veneration",
  "provenance_sensitivity": "medium",
  "definition": "A celestial or Hindu-derived being is venerated through the object — Thao Wessuwan, Garuda (พญาครุฑ), Rahu, arguably Nang Kwak. Receives offerings and respect but is not a raised ghost; the relationship is closer to worship than to parenting. The \"cleanest\" spirit-bearing tier.",
  "confidence": "high"
 },
 "function_terms": [
  {
   "key": "chok_lap",
   "term": "โชคลาภ",
   "roman": "chok lap",
   "en": "luck and windfall",
   "definition": "Fortune arriving from outside — lottery, gifts, unexpected gain. โชค is the luck, ลาภ the thing that turns up because of it."
  },
  {
   "key": "kha_khai",
   "term": "ค้าขาย",
   "roman": "kha khai",
   "en": "trade, selling",
   "definition": "Specifically commercial: custom comes to the shop, goods move. Distinguished from โชคลาภ because the gain is worked for rather than fallen into."
  },
  {
   "key": "khum_khrong",
   "term": "คุ้มครอง",
   "roman": "khum khrong",
   "en": "general protection, watching over",
   "definition": "Unspecified guardianship. **A holding pen, not a category** — when a source says only คุ้มครอง it usually has not said which of the specific functions above it means. Treat its presence as a gap to close, not an answer."
  }
 ],
 "material_terms": [
  {
   "key": "nuea_phong",
   "term": "เนื้อผง",
   "roman": "nuea phong",
   "en": "sacred-powder paste",
   "definition": "Consecrated powder bound with a binder (traditionally banana sap, lime, oil) and pressed. The material of the พระสมเด็จ and of most temple issues since. Because the recipe is reproducible and the mould is copyable, this is the most heavily reproduced material in the trade — which is precisely why the reference literature on it is the deepest."
  },
  {
   "key": "nuea_waan",
   "term": "เนื้อว่าน",
   "roman": "nuea waan",
   "en": "sacred-herb paste",
   "definition": "Paste of ว่าน — the sacred tubers and herbs gathered under prescribed conditions. Northern practice is particularly rich here. Ages by drying and shrinking rather than by patina. The manuscripts carry ว่าน heavily — คาถาเสกว่าน, formulae for consecrating the herb — so this term joins the two corpora directly, once the กว่าน collision is excluded."
  },
  {
   "key": "nuea_loha",
   "term": "เนื้อโลหะ",
   "roman": "nuea loha",
   "en": "metal (unspecified)",
   "definition": "Metal, unspecified. Common in listings precisely because it commits to nothing. Recorded as its own term rather than resolved, because the vagueness is itself the datum — a seller who can name the alloy usually does."
  }
 ],
 "region_terms": [
  {
   "key": "th-south",
   "th": "ภาคใต้",
   "en": "Southern Thailand"
  }
 ],
 "market_stats": {
  "listings": 285,
  "priced": 285,
  "median_thb": 250.0,
  "typical_thb": [
   100.0,
   599.0
  ],
  "source": "s:catalog-db",
  "tier": "catalogue",
  "note": "title matches only; delete-then-test excludes applied"
 },
 "primary_image": null,
 "tier_labels": {
  "en": {
   "catalogue": "Catalogue — checkable against the corpus (catalog.db, a transcribed treatise)",
   "cited": "Cited — a named external source, linked",
   "tradition": "Tradition — general knowledge of the wider tradition, hedged",
   "inference": "Inference — this project's own reasoning from the above",
   "field": "Field — someone stood there"
  },
  "th": {
   "catalogue": "จากคลัง",
   "cited": "อ้างอิงแหล่ง",
   "tradition": "ตามประเพณี",
   "inference": "อนุมาน",
   "field": "พบเห็นเอง"
  }
 }
}