{
 "schema": 1,
 "id": "hanuman",
 "level": "kind",
 "parent": null,
 "names": {
  "th": "หนุมาน",
  "roman": "hanuman",
  "en": "Hanuman figure",
  "aliases": {
   "th": [
    "พระหนุมาน",
    "หนุมานเชิญธง",
    "หนุมานแกะ"
   ],
   "roman": [
    "hanuman",
    "phra hanuman"
   ],
   "en": [
    "Hanuman amulet",
    "monkey-general charm"
   ]
  }
 },
 "region": [
  "th"
 ],
 "axes": {
  "class": "thep_thewada",
  "functions": [
   "khong_kraphan",
   "maha_ut",
   "khlaeo_khlat",
   "long_hon",
   "sakot",
   "thoi_khwam",
   "maha_saneh",
   "metta_maha_niyom"
  ],
  "materials": [
   "nuea_waan",
   "nuea_loha",
   "thonglueang"
  ],
  "figures": [
   "deity"
  ]
 },
 "form": {
  "type": "figure",
  "shape_th": "ตำรา: รูปแกะจากรากพุดซ้อนหรือปั้นจากว่านและรัก สูงหนึ่งองคุลี นั่งพับเพียง นั่งยอง หรือคุกเข่าพนมมือ · ตลาด: รูปหล่อโลหะและเหรียญ",
  "shape_en": "In the treatise a figure one finger-breadth tall, carved from double-jasmine root or moulded from herb paste and lac, seated, squatting, or kneeling with palms joined, lacquered and gilded. In the market a cast metal figure or medallion of the crowned white monkey, often 'holding the banner'.",
  "size_mm": null,
  "wearable_th": "ตำราให้อมไว้ในปากหรือห่อผ้าโพกหัว · ปัจจุบันห้อยคอหรือพกกระเป๋า",
  "wearable_en": "The treatise has it held in the mouth or wrapped in the head-cloth; today it hangs at the neck or rides in a pocket",
  "obverse_th": "หนุมานสวมมงกุฎ อ้าปาก บางแบบปิดตา",
  "obverse_en": "Crowned monkey, mouth open; some treatise forms cover the eyes with the hands",
  "reverse_th": "อักขระที่ขา อก หลัง ตามตำรา หรือยันต์และชื่อวัด",
  "reverse_en": "Syllables on legs, chest and back per the treatise; yantra and wat on modern pieces",
  "notes_en": "Height 'one องคุลี' (finger-breadth) is the treatise's figure; no millimetre value is defended."
 },
 "iconography": [
  {
   "th": "ลิงเผือกสวมมงกุฎ",
   "en": "white monkey with a crown"
  },
  {
   "th": "สี่หน้าแปดกรเมื่อแผลงฤทธิ์",
   "en": "four faces and eight arms when manifesting power (Ramakien)"
  },
  {
   "th": "มือปิดตา (ตำรา แบบที่ 3 และ 8)",
   "en": "hands over the eyes (treatise methods 3 and 8)"
  }
 ],
 "origin": {
  "wat_slug": null,
  "wat_th": "",
  "wat_en": "",
  "maker_th": "ตำราสร้างหนุมาน 8 แบบ ใน ตำราสร้างเครื่องรางของขลัง (ms 6983) · ปัจจุบันหลายวัด",
  "maker_en": "Eight recipes in ms 6983; modern pieces from many wats",
  "era_th": "",
  "era_en": "The Ramakien Hanuman of the Thai court tradition; the treatise is a nineteenth-to-twentieth-century compilation of older formulas (tradition)",
  "place_th": "ภาคกลาง",
  "place_en": "Central Thailand for the treatise tradition; nationwide today",
  "first_attested": ""
 },
 "diagnostics": [
  {
   "th": "ตำรา: สูงองคุลีเดียว แกะจากรากพุดซ้อน หรือปั้นจากว่านเพชร ใบไม้รู้นอน ผสมรัก ลงรักปิดทอง",
   "en": "Treatise figures are one finger-breadth tall, carved from double-jasmine root or moulded from diamond-herbs and nyctinastic leaves in lac, then lacquered and gilded",
   "source": "s:ms6983",
   "tier": "catalogue"
  },
  {
   "th": "อักขระ อะกะถะตะสะ ที่ขา นะมะการา ที่อก อุปัทธะเว ที่หลัง (แบบที่ 1)",
   "en": "Method 1 places อะกะถะตะสะ on both legs, นะมะการา on the chest, อุปัทธะเว on the back — a loupe finds the inscription where the text says",
   "source": "s:ms6983",
   "tier": "catalogue"
  },
  {
   "th": "ท่านั่ง: พับเพียบ นั่งยอง ปิดตา คุกเข่าพนมมือ",
   "en": "Postures the recipes name: seated cross-legged, squatting, eyes covered, kneeling with palms joined",
   "source": "s:ms6983",
   "tier": "catalogue"
  },
  {
   "th": "ตลาด: รูปหล่อโลหะ ‘หนุมานเชิญธง’ ยืนถือธง มีชื่อวัดที่ฐาน",
   "en": "Market pieces are cast metal, the 'Hanuman raising the banner' pose standing with a flag, the wat on the base",
   "source": "s:tradition",
   "tier": "tradition"
  },
  {
   "th": "ยันต์หนุมานสักหรือลงผ้า ให้คงกระพัน เมตตามหานิยม",
   "en": "The Hanuman as a yantra design (tattoo or cloth) is read for คงกระพัน and เมตตามหานิยม",
   "source": "s:th-wiki-sak-yan",
   "tier": "cited"
  }
 ],
 "confusable_with": [
  {
   "id": "hun-phayon",
   "tell_th": "หุ่นพยนต์เป็นหุ่นคนที่ถูกปลุกให้เฝ้าและเลี้ยงทุกวัน · หนุมานตามตำราถูกอมและสั่งใช้ คลาสส์เดียวกันตาม classes.md แต่หนุมานตลาดเป็นรูปเทพบูชา",
   "tell_en": "A hun phayon is a man-shaped effigy animated to guard, fed daily. The treatise Hanuman, held in the mouth and commanded, belongs with it per classes.md; the market Hanuman is a venerated deity figure. The making settles the class, not the shape."
  },
  {
   "id": "rup-lersi",
   "tell_th": "ฤๅษีเป็นคนแก่หนวดยาวสวมหนังเสือ · หนุมานเป็นลิงสวมมงกุฎ",
   "tell_en": "A hermit figure is a bearded old man in tiger skin; Hanuman is a crowned monkey"
  },
  {
   "id": "phaya-khrut",
   "tell_th": "ครุฑมีปีกและจะงอยปาก · หนุมานหน้าลิง",
   "tell_en": "Garuda has wings and a beak; Hanuman has a monkey's face and no wings"
  }
 ],
 "market": {
  "search": [
   "หนุมาน"
  ],
  "excludes": [
   "หัวโขน",
   "ตุ๊กตา",
   "หนุมาน ชาญสมร"
  ],
  "tier": "both"
 },
 "media": {
  "commons_categories": [
   "Category:Hanuman in Thailand"
  ],
  "commons_files": [
   "File:036 Hanuman (9190844478).jpg",
   "File:Máscara de Hánuman.jpg",
   "File:Thai puppet 02.jpg",
   "File:Ramakien 19.jpg",
   "File:Hanuman1.jpg",
   "File:19th-century Ramayana manuscript, Ramakien, Thailand version, Khom script, Hanuman with sword reaches Ravana's palace.jpg"
  ],
  "wanted_en": "Free files show the Ramakien Hanuman in stone, mask, puppet, mural and manuscript, not an amulet. Needed: a carved-root or herb-paste Hanuman one finger-breadth tall with its inscriptions, and a cast 'banner' Hanuman with base."
 },
 "text": {
  "what_th": "รูปหนุมาน ทหารเอกลิงเผือกของพระรามในรามเกียรติ์ ทำเป็นเครื่องราง ตำราเก่าให้แกะจากรากไม้หรือปั้นจากว่านแล้วอมไว้ในปาก ปัจจุบันเป็นรูปหล่อและเหรียญห้อยคอ",
  "what_en": "A figure of Hanuman, Rama's white-monkey general of the Ramakien, made as a charm. The old treatise carves him from root or moulds him from herbs and has the bearer hold him in the mouth; today he is a cast figure or medallion at the neck.",
  "story_th": "ตำราสร้างเครื่องรางของขลังให้แปดแบบ แบบที่ 1 แกะรากพุดซ้อนเป็นหนุมานนั่งพับเพียง ลงอักขระที่ขา อก หลัง เสก 108 คาบ เมื่อจะอมเสก 7 ที ฟันแทงมิถูก ท่านตีค่าไว้ชั่งทองหนึ่ง แบบที่ 3 ปั้นเป็นหนุมานนั่งยองปิดตา เสกพันคาบ — ตำราให้สูตรทำ ไม่นำส่วนผสมมาลงที่นี่ แบบที่ 7 อมไปแล้ว “สรรพถ้อยความทั้งปวงก็ถอยไป” แบบที่ 8 ทำในพระอุโบสถ",
  "story_en": "Ms 6983 gives eight recipes. Method 1 carves double-jasmine root into a seated Hanuman, inscribes syllables on legs, chest and back, consecrates it 108 times; held in the mouth after seven recitations, blade and spear cannot strike, and the text prices it at one chang of gold. Method 3 is a squatting Hanuman with hands over his eyes, kneaded in lac and consecrated a thousand times; the treatise gives a making-recipe; its ingredients are not reproduced here. The household he enters falls asleep. Method 7 is another making whose ingredients are likewise not reproduced; it promises that held in the mouth 'all disputes withdraw' and lords fear the bearer. Method 8 is made in the ubosot and, steeped in scented oil, shuts the eyes, ears and mouths of a house.",
  "keeping_th": "รูปหล่อสมัยใหม่บูชาอย่างเทพ ให้ความเคารพ ไม่ต้องเลี้ยง · หนุมานตามตำราถูกสั่งใช้และอมไป เป็นชั้นหุ่นพยนต์ ต้องรู้ว่าใครสร้างและสร้างจากอะไร",
  "keeping_en": "The modern cast Hanuman is kept as a deity: respect, no feeding. The treatise Hanuman is commanded and carried in the mouth, and classes.md places that courtroom Hanuman with the hun phayon; several recipes use ingredients this catalogue does not reproduce, so its making and maker are the provenance question. Class here follows the market object; the making, not the shape, decides any given piece."
 },
 "sources": [
  "s:ms6983",
  "s:th-wiki-hanuman",
  "s:th-wiki-sak-yan",
  "s:vault-classes",
  "s:vault-functions",
  "s:tradition"
 ],
 "provenance": {
  "default": {
   "tier": "catalogue",
   "source": "s:ms6983",
   "note": "bilingual.md lines 2624–2810 (printed pp. 65–69), ตำราสร้างหนุมาน แบบที่ ๑–๘"
  },
  "fields": {
   "axes.class": {
    "tier": "inference",
    "source": "s:vault-classes",
    "note": "market object placed thep_thewada; classes.md puts the treatise's mouth-held Hanuman in hun_phayon"
   },
   "axes.functions": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:ms6983",
    "note": "metta_maha_niyom from s:th-wiki-sak-yan (cited)"
   },
   "iconography": {
    "tier": "cited",
    "source": "s:th-wiki-hanuman",
    "note": "the eyes-covered posture is s:ms6983"
   },
   "form.shape_en": {
    "tier": "catalogue",
    "source": "s:ms6983",
    "note": "market forms: tradition"
   },
   "origin.era_en": {
    "tier": "tradition",
    "source": "s:tradition"
   },
   "market": {
    "tier": "inference"
   }
  }
 },
 "confidence": "high",
 "needs_verification": false,
 "updated": "2026-09-02",
 "images": [
  {
   "file": "hanuman/hanuman-036-hanuman-9190844478-ca147f.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:036 Hanuman (9190844478).jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/036_Hanuman_%289190844478%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50815794",
   "license": "CC BY 2.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0",
   "author": "Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand",
   "credit": "036 Hanuman",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "หนุมาน",
   "alt_en": "Hanuman figure — 036 Hanuman, at Wat Phananchoeng, Ayutthaya",
   "sha256": "da91e7b0b12cb530e5b763407561a0343e894e49363ca75829eccd8a52e2940f",
   "width": 2365,
   "height": 2661,
   "primary": true
  },
  {
   "file": "hanuman/hanuman-hanuman1-5be038.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Hanuman1.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Hanuman1.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
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   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
   "author": "No machine-readable author provided. YURiN~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims).",
   "credit": "No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims).",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "หนุมาน",
   "alt_en": "Hanuman figure — Hanuman from mural painting in Wat Phra Kaeo, Bangkok. Taken in 2007.",
   "sha256": "dba7cbfc842694ca9636cab169069b2fef6f40208ba1f726d1d07ec9f1f635bb",
   "width": 724,
   "height": 800
  },
  {
   "file": "hanuman/hanuman-19th-century-ramayana-manuscript-ramakie-420442.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:19th-century Ramayana manuscript, Ramakien, Thailand version, Khom script, Hanuman with sword reaches Ravana's palace.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/19th-century_Ramayana_manuscript%2C_Ramakien%2C_Thailand_version%2C_Khom_script%2C_Hanuman_with_sword_reaches_Ravana%27s_palace.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
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   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
   "author": "Ms Sarah Welch",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "หนุมาน",
   "alt_en": "Hanuman figure — The Ramayana is a Sanskrit language Hindu epic attributed to Valmiki, whose first redaction is dated between 5th-century",
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  },
  {
   "file": "hanuman/hanuman-thai-puppet-02-7ba4b0.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Thai puppet 02.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Thai_puppet_02.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=100194938",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
   "author": "Ich Thanomsak",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "หนุมาน",
   "alt_en": "Hanuman figure — tradition Thai's puppet dancing.Performed in part to Hanuman(monkey)first solider of Ram in love with Suwanmatcha (fish)",
   "sha256": "43f620518d8c2ed8a507a9bdb32674d4336342a6f6cb31ce59ebfe5195ff2484",
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   "height": 1974
  },
  {
   "file": "hanuman/hanuman-m-scara-de-h-numan-d0ccd7.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Máscara de Hánuman.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/M%C3%A1scara_de_H%C3%A1numan.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
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   "license": "CC BY 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
   "author": "Jl FilpoC",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "หนุมาน",
   "alt_en": "Hanuman figure — Máscara de teatro del dios mono Hánuman, hierro repujado y pintado.",
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  {
   "file": "hanuman/hanuman-ramakien-19-edc541.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Ramakien 19.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Ramakien_19.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=174853020",
   "license": "CC0",
   "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en",
   "author": "Prof Ranga Sai",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "หนุมาน",
   "alt_en": "Hanuman figure — These murals are paintings from The Ramakien Gallery, painted on the walls of Wat Phra Kaeo, Thailand. These are origina",
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   "width": 8400,
   "height": 5233
  },
  {
   "file": "hanuman/hanuman-hunamansex-1a3474.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Hunamansex.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Hunamansex.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
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   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
   "author": "No machine-readable author provided. YURiN~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims).",
   "credit": "No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims).",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "หนุมาน",
   "alt_en": "Hanuman figure — Mermaid Suvannamaccha, a mural painting of Bangkok Temple. Taken in 2007.",
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  },
  {
   "file": "hanuman/hanuman-hanuman-and-mermaid-suvannamaccha-a70a91.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:Hanuman and Mermaid Suvannamaccha.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Hanuman_and_Mermaid_Suvannamaccha.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3894743",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
   "author": "No machine-readable author provided. YURiN~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims).",
   "credit": "No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims).",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "หนุมาน",
   "alt_en": "Hanuman figure — Hanuman and Mermaid Suvannamaccha. Photocopy of a mural painting in Wat Phra Kaew, Bangkok.",
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   "width": 500,
   "height": 750
  },
  {
   "file": "hanuman/hanuman-201303311701b-andaman-princess-resort-sp-d50e03.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
   "title": "File:201303311701b Andaman Princess Resort & Spa.jpg",
   "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/201303311701b_Andaman_Princess_Resort_%26_Spa.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=original",
   "page_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25676001",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
   "author": "Hartmann Linge",
   "credit": "Own work",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "หนุมาน",
   "alt_en": "Hanuman figure — Andaman Princess Resort & Spa****, Koh Kho Khao, Phang Nga",
   "sha256": "6283d0d31d14b8bd4b599a6cac2680a54b8b155409bbe86cfc1674e4c203128f",
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   "height": 3488
  },
  {
   "file": "hanuman/hanuman-wat-thai-village-dc-2013-9340360887-c286f4.jpg",
   "source": "commons",
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   "credit": "191 Hanuman in Pol Yak",
   "view": "other",
   "alt_th": "หนุมาน",
   "alt_en": "Hanuman figure — 191 Hanuman in Pol Yak, at Wat Phananchoeng, Ayutthaya",
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 ],
 "class_facts": {
  "key": "thep_thewada",
  "term": "เทพ / เทวดา",
  "roman": "thep / thewada",
  "en_gloss": "deva-tier resident",
  "resident": "deva",
  "upkeep": "veneration",
  "provenance_sensitivity": "medium",
  "definition": "A celestial or Hindu-derived being is venerated through the object — Thao Wessuwan, Garuda (พญาครุฑ), Rahu, arguably Nang Kwak. Receives offerings and respect but is not a raised ghost; the relationship is closer to worship than to parenting. The \"cleanest\" spirit-bearing tier.",
  "confidence": "high"
 },
 "function_terms": [
  {
   "key": "khong_kraphan",
   "term": "คงกระพัน",
   "roman": "khong kraphan",
   "en": "invulnerability to blades",
   "definition": "The body cannot be cut or pierced. Classically paired with ชาตรี in the martial compound คงกระพันชาตรี. Says nothing about firearms — that is มหาอุด."
  },
  {
   "key": "maha_ut",
   "term": "มหาอุด",
   "roman": "maha ut",
   "en": "stopping projectiles / misfire",
   "definition": "Literally \"greatly stopped-up\". The gun jams, misfires, or the shot does not penetrate. The efficacy is located in the weapon, not the body."
  },
  {
   "key": "khlaeo_khlat",
   "term": "แคล้วคลาด",
   "roman": "khlaeo khlat",
   "en": "evasion, narrow escape",
   "definition": "Harm passes by — the accident happens to the next vehicle, the bullet goes wide, you left the building early. Distinct in kind from คงกระพัน: nothing strikes you at all, so nothing needs to be resisted."
  },
  {
   "key": "long_hon",
   "term": "ล่องหน",
   "roman": "long hon",
   "en": "invisibility",
   "definition": "Vanishing outright, as opposed to merely being overlooked."
  },
  {
   "key": "sakot",
   "term": "สะกด",
   "roman": "sakot",
   "en": "subduing, binding, putting to sleep",
   "definition": "Compelling another to stillness or sleep — the household that cannot wake, the pursuer who cannot follow. Applied to people and to animals."
  },
  {
   "key": "thoi_khwam",
   "term": "ถ้อยความ",
   "roman": "thoi khwam",
   "en": "legal dispute — made to retreat",
   "definition": "The suit itself: literally the words of a dispute, the testimony. As a function it is always phrased as the dispute RETREATING — สรรพถ้อยความทั้งปวงก็ถอยไป, \"all disputes whatsoever withdraw\" — not as the bearer winning one. Ms 6983 places it, without comment, between going into battle and prize-fighting: a contest entered by someone who expects to be outmatched. The mechanism is not persuasion but silencing — the katha shuts the mouth, ears and eyes of the other side (ปิดปาก ปิดหู ปิดตา), after which \"they cannot speak against you, and both plaintiff and judge greatly fear your power.\""
  },
  {
   "key": "maha_saneh",
   "term": "มหาเสน่ห์",
   "roman": "maha saneh",
   "en": "powerful attraction, allure",
   "definition": "Personal and frequently erotic attraction, directed at a particular person rather than at a room. Overlaps the love-wax (สีผึ้ง) and น้ำมันพราย material tradition."
  },
  {
   "key": "metta_maha_niyom",
   "term": "เมตตามหานิยม",
   "roman": "metta maha niyom",
   "en": "loving-kindness and wide popularity",
   "definition": "Broad social favour — people are well-disposed, superiors are lenient, customers return. Built on เมตตา, the Buddhist virtue, and respectable to carry and to sell."
  }
 ],
 "material_terms": [
  {
   "key": "nuea_waan",
   "term": "เนื้อว่าน",
   "roman": "nuea waan",
   "en": "sacred-herb paste",
   "definition": "Paste of ว่าน — the sacred tubers and herbs gathered under prescribed conditions. Northern practice is particularly rich here. Ages by drying and shrinking rather than by patina. The manuscripts carry ว่าน heavily — คาถาเสกว่าน, formulae for consecrating the herb — so this term joins the two corpora directly, once the กว่าน collision is excluded."
  },
  {
   "key": "nuea_loha",
   "term": "เนื้อโลหะ",
   "roman": "nuea loha",
   "en": "metal (unspecified)",
   "definition": "Metal, unspecified. Common in listings precisely because it commits to nothing. Recorded as its own term rather than resolved, because the vagueness is itself the datum — a seller who can name the alloy usually does."
  },
  {
   "key": "thonglueang",
   "term": "ทองเหลือง",
   "roman": "thonglueang",
   "en": "brass",
   "definition": "Brass. The most-named metal in the corpus by a wide margin — the everyday material of altar goods, pendant frames and mass issues. High occurrence here reflects volume at the low end of the market, not regard."
  }
 ],
 "region_terms": [
  {
   "key": "th",
   "th": "ทั่วประเทศไทย",
   "en": "Thailand, not regionally specific"
  }
 ],
 "market_stats": {
  "listings": 35,
  "priced": 35,
  "median_thb": 129.0,
  "typical_thb": [
   49.0,
   299.0
  ],
  "source": "s:catalog-db",
  "tier": "catalogue",
  "note": "title matches only; delete-then-test excludes applied"
 },
 "primary_image": {
  "file": "hanuman/hanuman-036-hanuman-9190844478-ca147f.jpg",
  "source": "commons",
  "title": "File:036 Hanuman (9190844478).jpg",
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  "license": "CC BY 2.0",
  "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0",
  "author": "Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand",
  "credit": "036 Hanuman",
  "view": "other",
  "alt_th": "หนุมาน",
  "alt_en": "Hanuman figure — 036 Hanuman, at Wat Phananchoeng, Ayutthaya",
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  "width": 2365,
  "height": 2661,
  "primary": true
 },
 "tier_labels": {
  "en": {
   "catalogue": "Catalogue — checkable against the corpus (catalog.db, a transcribed treatise)",
   "cited": "Cited — a named external source, linked",
   "tradition": "Tradition — general knowledge of the wider tradition, hedged",
   "inference": "Inference — this project's own reasoning from the above",
   "field": "Field — someone stood there"
  },
  "th": {
   "catalogue": "จากคลัง",
   "cited": "อ้างอิงแหล่ง",
   "tradition": "ตามประเพณี",
   "inference": "อนุมาน",
   "field": "พบเห็นเอง"
  }
 }
}